競合論中的「吸收」──以「吸收關係」與「吸收犯」為核心

„Konsumtion“in„Lehre von denKonkurrenzen“: Focus on„Konsumtion“and„Konsumtionsdelikt“

一行為同時該當數罪時，若數罪的構成要件之間僅論一罪即能夠合理評價該行為，稱為「法條競合」。換言之，法條競合指的是從該當的數罪之中，找出能夠完整評價該行為的犯罪，判斷方式主要是基於構成要件之間的邏輯關係，包括有特別關係、補充關係及吸收關係。其中的吸收關係，其概念無論是在文獻上或在實務判決中，均見分歧看法。由於對吸收關係理解上的分歧，導致在使用相同用語下，指涉內涵是否一致之疑。本文探究學說與實務上對於吸收關係的看法，企圖釐清不同看法之間的差異，並指出現今學說與實務看法對「吸收」概念上的多義，除致生理解上的困惑外，也可能忽視法條競合概念下不同競合關係的競合基礎，進而應避免使用相同用語來指涉不同概念。

If an act constitutes several offenses, but can be soundly judged by only one offense, such a case is referred to as “Gesetzeskonkurrenzen”. In other words, “Gesetzeskonkurrenzen” requires finding from the several established offenses one that is able to comprehensively judge the act, based on the logical relationships among elements of a crime, including “Spezialität”, “Subsidiarität”, and “Konsumtion”. However, regarding the concept of “Konsumtion”, disparate views exist in both literature and practical judgments. Such dissimilar interpretations of “Konsumtion” may result in divergent meanings of the same term. Therefore, this paper explores various theoretical and practical views on “Konsumtion”, attempting to shed light on the differences among them. Further, it suggests that as the ambiguity surrounding the concept of “Konsumtion” across current theoretical and practical views has led to not only confusing interpretations but possibly disregard of the basis for various types of “Konkurrenzen”, the same term should not be used to refer to different concepts.