中國的石油安全戰略

China's Oil Strategy

近年來，石油成為輿論熱門議題的同時，中國崛起亦成為媒體爭相討論的焦點。這兩項議題加在一起，更是現今國際上經濟性與政治性的爆炸性關切重點。中國在二○○三年時，超越日本成為全球僅次於美國的第二大石油消費國家，呈成長速度之快，舉世僅見。然而，在大陸及領海石油來源枯竭萎縮的情況下，中國不得不進口超過半數的石油，以滿足其經濟發展與巨大需求。這意味著隨著經濟持續快速增長的同時，對石油的消費與進口量亦相映大幅膨脹，導致中國在貿易、投資與供應安全等諸方面，將因而受到相當程度的制約與影響。本文旨在釐清石油安全對中國的戰略意義為何，同時分析中國味確保石油供應穩定無虞，在政治與經濟方面有哪些實際策略與作為。而且，本文亦可作為分析北京戰略思維的一個實際案例。

In recent years, oil and China rising have been closely watched and discussed in the headlines of mass media. The Combination of the two has long been a focus of economically and politically explosive issues in the world. Actually, China has become the world's second largest consumer of oil, following the United States. However, Disappointed in its ability to discover and develop its own domestic reserves, China must import almost half of its oil supply from abroad-with all that that implies for China's international trade, investment, and security of supply. Both consumption and importation seem likely to grow, as the Chinese economy continues to expand rapidly. The aim of this article is to figure out what oil security means to China and what has Beijing done politically and economically to insure its security of oil supply. Furthermore, it is a good case to analysis China's strategy thought.