WTO共同會籍與兩岸整合之探討

A Study on the China-Taiwan WTO Comembership and Integration

本文以新功能主義理論檢驗兩岸互動，發現兩岸經濟條件的互補讓台灣與中國間的關係日益密切，符合功能主義功能互賴具擴張性之預期。但兩岸出口依存度的懸殊使台灣警覺，因而提出戒急用忍政策，表現的則是新功能主義學者所謂功能互賴造成不平衡，促使政治行為者重新界定課題，因而帶來逆溢的現象。台灣違反WTO規範限制中國貨品之進口，中國刻意從牽涉台灣業者重大利益的反傾銷調查案著手，顯示的是兩岸政治動機使雙方政府各自選擇強化國內機構，而非利用整合機構－WTO來處理交流所產生的問題。驗證於新功能主義所提出的過程結構及整合潛能條件，兩岸間存在的多是負面因素，更不符合「不訴諸武力」的條件。由兩岸各有算盤，互不信賴的互動看來，兩岸WTO共同會籍雖會使兩岸經貿量增高，但整合的條件不存在，經濟未必整合，更遑論政治整合。

With the WTO comembership, Taiwan and China are bound by the WTO rules in their trade relations. The article explores the cross-strait WTO interactions with neofunctionalism to see if the WTO comembership will enhance the probability of cross-strait economic and political integration. The study, however, finds that integration is conditional. The current cross-strait WTO interactions show a patter of calculation of political self-interest and a deep lack of trust. Taiwan, against WTO rules, restricts imports from China; China initiates anti-dumping investigations, which involves major Taiwan economic interest. Both have relied on domestic agencies, instead of integration agency - the WTO - in solving their problems. Checking against process mechanisms and integrative potential proposed by Joseph Nye, there exist only negative factors in the China-Taiwan bilateral relations; and the ''non use of force'' condition raised by Karl Deutsch does not exist neither. The cross-strait trade volume may increase with the WTO comembership, but it does not necessarily lead to economic integration, let alone political integration.