兩岸外交競爭主軸之變遷與挑戰

Transition and Challenge of Mainland and Taiwan's Diplomatic Race

自1949年因內戰而產生分裂局面以來，在迄今為止的半個多世紀當中，兩岸在國際舞台上始終維持著一定程度之或激或緩的競爭關係，此一過程不僅深深影響到其彼此間的互動關係，同時也連帶影響兩岸政權形塑自身外交政策的過程。值得注意的是，儘管持續競爭乃是個明顯的歷史事實，但隨著中國大陸與台灣所擁有現實權力與國際地位的消長，其競爭內容之主軸也呈現出明顯的變遷現象；在此，本文乃擬就生存利益優先時期、第一階段邦交競賽時期、維持現狀政策時期、第二階段邦交競賽時期，以及威望與生存空間競爭時期等五個不同階段的區分，希望能進一步詮釋其間的變化。

Since Taiwan and Mainland had been divided because of the Civil War in 1949, they have always kept some kind of competitive relation on the global stage until now. This doesn't influence only their mutual interactions, but the content of their foreign policies. In this paper, we will focus on some turning factors of the whole history through dividing it into five periods (period of survival interest prevailed, the first phase of diplomatic race, period of status quo, the second phase of diplomatic race, and period of ''prestige vs. living space''), and then try to explain the transitional causes of it.