隔代教養對老年祖父母健康影響與護理之挑戰

The Effects of Health Status in Grandparents Parenting Grandchildren and the Challenge of Nursing Care

由於社會的變遷與家庭型態的改變，全世界隔代教養問題越顯普遍，無論祖父母是被迫或是自願重新擔任孫輩教養職責，隨著年紀增長身體功能的退化、經濟上的負擔及孫子女教導之責任，對老年祖父母而言都是一大考驗。目前國內、外針對隔代教養議題，多在探討造成的原因、人口學特徵、孫子女教養問題與祖孫角色關係之家庭問題為主，針對祖父母的健康角度來進行探討的文獻略顯匱乏。本文回顧文獻發現隔代教養對老年祖父母在生、心、社會方面可能造成的健康問題有：日常活動功能減退或本身有慢性疾病問題、因照顧孫子女造成壓力、憂鬱與焦慮，及社交與時間限制等。作者參考國外隔代教養支持方案，針對隔代教養對老年祖父母健康之影響提出護理相關之因應策略，包括：定期的居家訪視，提供祖父母健康相關之訊息與提供社會支持、「短暫日間幼兒托育」服務，以提供祖父母喘息機會，並可解決祖父母因為照顧孫子而無法就醫的問題。冀望本文可做為未來隔代教養祖孫家庭健康議題研究之參考。

Due to the change of social patterns and family structures, there is a general issue of grandparents in the whole world. Taking care of their grandchildren is a big challenge for grandparents, not only to affect their physical function and economy but also the responsibility for their grandchildren. Most of the researches focus on causing reasons, demographic characteristics, raising issues, and relationships among grandparents and grandchildren. There is a lack in grandparents’ health. The purpose of this review paper was to identify the older grandparents’ physical, mental and social health problems, and the strategies of solution in nursing care. The papers show these: Grandparents have chronic disease, poor function of daily activities, stress, depression, anxiety, and social isolation. The Strategies to solve these problems are suggested to do regular home visit, providing health information, and social support and respite care. This paper provided information for further studies into this issue.