急性健身運動與執行功能之前導研究：家庭收入之調節角色

Apreliminary study of acute exercise and executive function: The moderating role of family income

緒論：過去研究已發現低家庭收入與較低執行功能表現有關，而急性健身運動為有效增進執行功能之方式。為此，本研究目的在探討高與低家庭收入之大專學生在急性健身運動介入後是否對執行功能表現呈現調節之效應。方法：本研究共招募40位大專學生，並依據家庭收入區分為高與低家庭收入等兩組。參與者以平衡次序法進行健身運動情境和控制情境。健身運動情境係進行30分鐘中等強度健身運動，而控制情境則安靜坐於椅子上閱讀運動書籍。於任一情境結束後，立即進行倫敦塔作業與叫色作業。結果：本研究發現，相對於控制情境，健身運動情境對執行功能作業皆有其正面效益。若以家庭收入作為調節因子，結果發現急性健身運動對執行功能之正面影響，並不受到高或低家庭收入因素所改變。這發現意味著無論家庭收入高或低程度，經急性健身運動介入後皆能增進執行功能表現。結論：本文為急性健身運動對執行功能之正面效益，這發現延伸過去研究結果，近一步說明家庭收入並不影響急性健身運動對執行功能之效益。該研究結果將可作為健身運動推廣的基礎知識，並提供改善執行功能的可能方式。

Introduction: Studies have indicated that low income is associated with lower performance of executive functions and that acute exercise can be an effective strategy for facilitating improved executive functions. The purpose of this study was to determine whether family income moderates the effects of acute exercise on executive function performance. Methods: We recruited 40 college students and assigned them to either high- or low-income groups, according to their family incomes (n = 20 per group). All suitable participants attended both exercise and control sessions on two separate days. Participants in the exercise session performed 30 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise, and participants in the control session sat silently on chairs while reading sports-related books. After each session, the participants completed the Tower of London test and the Stroop test. Results: Participants in the exercise session showed a positive effect on two executive function tasks compared with those in the control session. Acute exercise facilitated executive functions to the same degree for both high- and low-income participants. Conclusion: Our findings extend the current knowledge and demonstrated that individuals with an either high or low income had better executive function performance after exercise than after a control activity. This finding could establish the basic foundation of exercise promotion and provide further evidence of those factors essential to improving executive functions.