跟蹤糾纏行為犯罪化之趨勢

Trends in Criminalization of Stalking

過去長年以來，跟蹤騷擾行為都被視為違法性過於輕微，以致於在刑法 領域中，不被當成犯罪行為來對待，也沒有相對應的刑法處罰規定，只有在 家庭暴力防治法上有相關規定。然而這樣的立法狀態，顯然並不足夠。目前 世界各國，幾乎都在重大跟蹤騷擾事件衍生出更嚴重的犯罪或事故後，反省 思考跟蹤騷擾行為之不法性，因而制定處罰跟蹤糾纏之刑法規定，例如美國 加州於 1990 年因少女明星遭長期跟蹤的粉絲槍殺事件後，率先將跟蹤騷擾 行為以刑法條文的方式制定出來。這股將跟蹤騷擾行為加以犯罪化的立法趨 勢，在 2013 年歐盟理事會通過之「預防與對抗對婦女與家庭暴力公約」之 後，達到高峰。從人身保護完整性的觀點來看，我國實有制訂相類似法律規 範之必要。

Over the past years, stalking and harassment behaviors have long been viewed mild violation of laws. As a result, they are not treated as criminal behaviors in the field of the Criminal Code. The North-American state of California was the first jurisdiction to create a specific criminal provision to deal with the stalking behaviors. The trends in the criminalization of stalking haven also taken place in Europe which were influenced by the 2013 Council of Europe Convention on prevention and combating violence against women and domestic violence. From the perspective of integrity of personal protection, it is necessary for Taiwan to formulate similar laws and regulations.