跟蹤騷擾防制法之評析與展望

A Comment and Prospect of Stalking Law

跟騷行為自古存在，對被害人人身安全危害甚高，但國際社會卻到 1990 年才由美國加州制定全球第一個跟騷防制法。不到 4 年，擴及到美國 各州，此後澳洲、紐西蘭、加拿大、英國和歐洲國家也陸續將這種行為定為 刑事犯罪。在臺灣，雖然對跟蹤、騷擾行為分別定有處罰規定，但相關法律 僅就特定關係、與性別有關或跟蹤行為進行規範，其他類型的被害人則無法 援引現有法律予以保護，形成法律規範之漏洞，亟待填補。「跟蹤騷擾防制 法草案」雖曾於 2018 年 12 月 13 日完成黨團協商，但因草案的內容有諸多 缺失，內政部擔心若貿然通過將造成執行上的困難，因此暫時將草案撤回， 卻也招致諸多批評。鑒於國內多數人肯認制定跟蹤騷擾（或糾纏行為）防制 法之必要性，只是在法案的名稱與內容上有所出入。而美國與歐盟各國則已 實施多年，而臺灣在草案制訂過程也參考歐美部分國家的法律，因此本文擬 透過探討美國與歐盟各國跟騷行為防制立法的現狀以及相關法律的定義，藉 由透過相關國家對跟騷行為規範的比較，瞭解國際立法趨勢外，並將評析各 國施行跟騷防制法之困境以及改進方向，做為臺灣未來推動跟騷防制法之參考。

Harassment and stalking has existed since ancient times and is very harmful to the personal safety of victims. However, the international community has waited until 1990 to establish the world's first law by California, USA. In less than four years, it has spread to the states of the United States, and since then, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, the United Kingdom, and European countries have also criminalized such behavior. In Taiwan, although there are penalties for harassment and stalking, the relevant laws only regulate specific relationships, gender-related or stalking behaviors. Other types of victims cannot invoke existing laws to protect them, forming loopholes in legal norms. Although the ''Draft Law on the Prevention of Stalking'' completed the caucus consultation on December 13, 2018, due to the lack of integrity in the draft, the Ministry of the Interior was worried that if the rash adoption would cause difficulties in implementation, the draft has been withdrawn temporarily. It has also led to many criticisms. In view of the fact that most people in Taiwan are willing to recognize the necessity of enforcing the law of anti-stalking, there is only a discrepancy in the title and content of the law. This paper intends to explore the status quo of the US and EU countries' anti-stalking legislation and compare the norms of stalking behavior, understand the trend of international legislation, and evaluate the dilemma and improvement direction of the implementation of the law. The findings of this exploration can be the reference for future implementation of the law.