護理師文化能力及其相關影響因素之探討－以北台灣某醫學中心為例

Exploring the Relationship Between Nurses' Culture Competence and Its Related Factors - An Example From A Medical Center in Northern Taiwan

背景：多元文化是現代醫療國際化主流的現象，臨床護理人員須具備文化適切性的護理能力，才能提升健康照護品質。本研究目的在探討護理人員之文化能力現況、文化自我效能和文化能力相關性及預測文化能力的重要影響因子。方法：採橫斷式及描述性相關研究設計，以北區某醫學中心之護理人員為研究樣本，採分層比例隨機抽樣方式，共收案172人。並以結構式問卷包括護理人員文化能力量表及文化自我效能量表（The Cultural Self-Efficacy Scale, CSES）進行資料收集。結果：整體文化能力為中等程度，其中以文化自覺能力為最高，其餘依序為文化敏銳、文化技巧及文化知識能力。選修文化方面課程經驗與文化能力有顯著差異。文化自我效能與文化能力及其各構面呈現正相關。文化自我效能則為影響文化能力最重要的預測因子。結論：本研究結果可提供臨床實務及學校教育做為參考，建議以文化自我效能信念導入文化照護相關訓練目標及課程設計，進而提升護理文化能力。

Background: Cultural diversity has led health care services into a new era of internationalization. Managing and providing effective, culture-specific healthcare can enhance quality of patient care. The purpose of this study was to explore cultural competence and cultural self-efficacy among nurses, the correlation between cultural self-efficacy and cultural competence , as well as predict factors which influence cultural competence. Methods: This study was conducted by utilizing stratified random sampling, with 172 participants from a tertiary teaching hospital in Northern Taiwan. The research methods involved a cross-sectional study and descriptive research. Moreover, structured questionnaires including the Cultural Self-Efficacy Scale (CSES) and Cultural Competence Scale were employed for data collection. Results: The results showed that the overall level of cultural competence among nurses was moderate, with cultural awareness topping the list, followed by cultural sensitivity, cultural skills, and cultural knowledge. There was a significant association between cultural competence and experiences of relevant cultural elective courses. On the other hand, cultural competence and all aspects of cultural selfefficacy were positively correlated. Cultural self-efficacy was the most important predictor for cultural competence. Conclusions: The findings of the study showed the current situation of multicultural competence in Taiwanese health care systems. Hopefully, these findings can provide information as a useful reference to clinical practice and curriculum planning, which could potentially improve patient satisfaction. Furthermore, introducing cultural self-efficacy into the curriculum design is highly recommended to achieve a higher level of competence in health care provision.