邁向基本收入：論非工作風氣

Towards Basic Income: On the Non-Working Ethos

這篇文章試圖探討為了基本收入制度的可行性，我們需要 什麼樣的社會風氣的問題。基本收入的主要提倡者范巴黎斯 （Philppe van Parijs） 注意到，假使有一部分的人在接受基本收 入後不去工作，那這將會造成社會體系的不穩定。為了解決這個 問題，他提出工作風氣的構想。然而，本文將指出，在推動基本 收入制度上，我們也需要允許人們不從事有償工作的風氣，即非 工作的風氣，其能改變目前的工作倫理。並且，本文主張堅持價 值中立的國家在推動非工作風氣上只能採取某些觀點作為理 據，同時允許一些觀點在社會中自行傳播。

This article attempts to explore the kind of social ethos needed to make feasible the institution of a basic income. Philppe van Parijs, the main advocate of basic income, has noted that if some people opt out of work as a result of receiving a basic income, the social system will be rendered less stable. To resolve the incentive problem, he proposed promoting an ethos of work, meaning that while individuals might be permitted to not engage in paid work, they would nonetheless retain a willingness to engage in paid work thanks to a number of non-institutionalized norms. However, this article argues that van Parijs pays insufficient attention to differences between the stability and accessibility of an institution. The former explores how to sustain an institution after it is established| the latter how to promote an institution prior to its establishment. Moreover, the ethos of work is related to the stability of the basic income institution. If this argument is correct, in promoting the basic income system, it will also be necessary to establish an ethos which allows people to not engage in paid work, that is, the ethos of non-work, which can change the current work ethics to improve people's acceptance of basic income. Moreover, this paper claims that a country insisting on value neutrality can only adopt certain viewpoints as part of its rationale in promoting a non-working ethos, while allowing some viewpoints to propagate in society.