中國工傷保險規定下職災認定要件之研究

The Determination of Industrial Injury under Mainland China Industrial Injury Insurance

在中國，認定職業災害的發生是一個複雜的過程。首先，其認定應基於其《工傷保險條例》所規定的法律要件而認定。其次，在認定該一職災是具職務相關性的事實時，應相應的審查以下各層面之許多不同的因素，他／她是否在上班時間、他／她是否在工作場所，和肇致職災之事務是否係屬職務因素而驅使他／她去執行該一事務。本文採用內容分析法對職業災害之認定要件進行研究，而對於許多法院判決進行分析。經由內容分析，本文發現在他／她是否在工作時間這一層面上，例如，應進一步審查以下因素，他／她是否在上下班的路上、他／她之離去是否處於要去執行事務之工作期間內、他／她是否在非準時地進入或離開之這一段時間之內，包括遲到和／或提早下班，和他／她是否在他／她之排定之工作時間內在外用餐。在他／她是否在工作場所這一層面上，例如，還應進一步考量以下因素，他／她是否在工作場所的不同工作地點之間往返，及他／她是否在工作場所的洗手間，和他／她是否在參加企業的團隊精神的培養活動。關於肇致職災之事務是否係屬職務因素而驅使他／她去執行該一事務的層面，例如，應進一步審查以下之因素，他／她是否在上班時間去洗手間，是否在雇主舉辦公司所支持／安排的活動，例如郊遊、聚餐和團隊精神培養活動場合之期間而發生意外、是否在外出用餐時發生事故、是否在午休用餐期間外出處裡私人事務而發生事故，和他／她是否從事了他／她之職務上不需負責的工作。

In China, to identify the occurrence of an industrial injury is a complicate process. Firstly, the finding shall base on the interpretation of the legal elements provided by the Industrial Injury Insurance Regulation (''the Regulation''). Secondly, in identifying the fact of work-related accident, different factors relative to the following dimensions shall be examined, whether he/she was in his/her working time, whether he/she was in his/her working place and whether the cause driving him/her to the work. The paper adopts the approach of content analysis to do the research on the factors for identifying industrial injury. Many court cases were reviewed. Through the content analysis, this paper finds that in the dimension of whether he/she was in his/her working time, the following factors for example, should be further examined, whether he/she was on his/her way to and from work, whether it is in a period he/she is leaving for business, whether it is in the time period that he/she doesn’t come in or leave on time, including late in reporting to work and/or leave work early and whether he/she was dining out within his/her scheduled working hours. In the dimension of whether he/she was in his/her working place, the following factors for instance shall likewise be further looked into, whether he/she was in the traveling between different working locations of working place, whether he/she was in the restroom of the working place and whether he/she was joining in occasions of team-spirit cultivation. As to the dimension of the cause driving him/her to the work, for example, the following factors should be further investigated, whether he/she went to restroom in working time, whether the accident is happened while the employer was holding company sponsored/organized activities such as outings, dining together and team-spirit cultivation occasions, whether the accident was happened while he/she was dining out, whether the accident was happened while he/she was leaving work to deal with personal business during lunch break and whether he/she was engaging in the work he/she is not responsible to.