「史觀、歷史解釋」在當前大學通識思辨課程教學上的挑戰與回應──以臺灣史為例

Historical Perspectives and Interpretations: the Challenge and Response of Teaching College General Courses-A Case Study of Taiwan History

歷史是時地人的纏交綜合敘述，時序的流程由古至今，其範圍由生活立足點逐步擴張延伸，如何看待事件間的連結關係，成為大學通識教育要看重的一種思辨能力。歷史研究與教學活動，必先掌握時間先後順序並理解變遷是彼此互動的進行式，變化結果正是進行式過程的總體反映。大學歷史通識課程實施要顧及史觀和現實意識的辯證。在當前環境下，鄭成功與原住民關係；移民與土地認同；二二八事件與白色恐怖的歸責，都成為訓練學生理性批判的教育價值。教學上先辨析史料的真偽，次及賦予各種因素重要性的不同研判，認識歷史事件發生的必要因素與充分因素，把近、中、長程導因做有鑑別度的分類，把人的動機和外在發展予以吻合情境的自圓其說。那麼就學會經事件的因果思維，建構理性思考，同時做為個人生涯成長的行為準據。獲致通識課程引導開創個人幸福與社會和諧的施教宗旨。

History is a comprehensive narratives of the affairs of the time, and that series have been extended from the ancient to the present, its scope has gradually been expanded from the foothold to the universal of life. How to treat the connection between events is a kind of speculative ability that should be valued in general education in the university. Historical research and teaching activities must first grasp the chronological order and understand that transitions are interacted with each other, and hope to get the result of change which overall reflection of the progressive process, as well as, the implementation of the general history education curriculum in university should take into account the historical view and realistic consciousness. In the current environment, the relation between Zheng, Cheng-Gong and the aboriginals; immigration and land identification; 228 event and the blame of white terror that become the educational value of training student to get critical thinking. In teaching process, the teacher analyzes the authenticity of historical materials, and gives different judgments on the importance of various factors, lead the students recognize the necessary and sufficient factors of the occurrence of historical events, and classify discriminative the short, medium and long-range causes . It is also found that the external development meets the outside environment situation. If the students learn the cause thinking of the event, construct critical thinking, and act prompt role and conduct for personal career growth, will be fulfilled the general education course to guide the purpose of creating individual happiness and social harmony.