越南近代漢喃雙語辭書特點

Methods of Learning Chinese in Basic Chinese Books

越南幾千年使用漢字，用漢字編寫本國書籍，在漢籍編纂、創作等，都受到中國傳統的漢文格式所影響。雖然越南曾經以漢字為官吏文字，且在封建時期使用的漢字可說無處不在，如政治、學習、科舉等，但它畢竟對越南人還是個外國語。因此，為了便於學習、考試以及日用生活使用等，很多越南和中國學者編纂漢喃辭書，如《安南譯語》、《三千字》套書、《五千字》等。此類書按照格式有的像詩集（《三千字》、《嗣德聖制字學解義歌》等），有的用辭書格式編纂而成（《日用常談》等），但是這些書籍的首要編纂目的，都是針對越南人學漢字的蒙書。到近代漢喃雙語辭書已達到旺盛時期，如越南阮朝嗣德皇帝親筆編纂的《嗣德聖制字學解義歌》，導致漢字及漢語在越南人生活中紮根生葉如《日用常談》等。越南近代漢喃雙語辭書，除了受到當時中國傳統格式的影響，也有自己獨特的特色──「六八詩」；從編纂目的而言，大多越南辭書都屬於蒙學教科書，從立目形式明顯是漢喃雙語詞典；但從此類書籍可看到，越南近代辭書都像百科全書一樣，包括很多領域，如：歷史、文化、宗教等。因此，研究越南近代漢喃雙語辭書，意味著我們可以瞭解越南所受中國漢語言文字的影響程度，同時更瞭解越南接受及使用漢字後帶進自己本土文化的特色。

Chinese plays an important role in the flow of History in Vietnam. Although Vietnamese Chinese texts was found in the 14^(th) century,the presence of Chinese has been claimed for about 2000 years according to Vietnamese and Foreign Historians. We also know that Chinese characters are difficult to memorize and understand. This fact reminds us of the images of students of Chinese long time ago learning by heart those Chinese characters. According to statistics in China, there are thousands of Chinese characters that are mandatory for students to memorize. So how did students of the past hundred years learn to memorize them all? Vietnamese scholars even created Nom characters based on these Chinese characters. It was obvious at that time that one had to master Chinese in order to read Nom. So how did they memorize thousands of Chinese characters to learn how to read and write in Nom? It has been general knowledge that learning Chinese characters means rote learning. However, with the spirit of love for traditional poetry, the old teachers and graders had turned the Chinese lessons into poetries for their basic classes such as: ＂Tam thien tu＂, ＂Nhat thien tu＂ ＂Ngu thien tu＂ and so on. Similarly, other countries influenced by Chinese culture such as: Japan, South Korea, and North Korea have transformed forms of Chinese characters that make it easy for learners to memorize. In this age of student-centre learning phenomenon, it is not possible for teachers to require their students to memorize the lessons. Students are free to choose their own learning styles as long as they remember the lessons. Teachers should act as facilitators whom suggest the most suitable learning methods for their students. Therefore teachers should take lessons from the past and renovate those old methods to suit their student learning styles. The writer of this article believe that the study of ＂The traditional and modern methods of learning Chinese characters of Vietnamese＂ would give an insight into the process of learning Chinese.