同志分手調適：外在壓力源與身分認同的影響

A Study of Adjustment after LGB Break-Up: The Influence of External Stress and LGB Identity

近年來國內外對於外在壓力源與同志身分認同的相關研究越來越多，可惜未能進一步探討外在壓力源與身分認同對於分手調適的影響，亦未能提供男女同志多群組測量恆等性的相關證據。本研究以網際網路問卷調查，尋找曾經歷同性之間情愛關係（至少半年以上），最近一年內結束伴侶關係，並且肯定本研究重要性，願意分享個人經驗的受訪者，共計273位，包括100位男同志與173位女同志。研究結果發現：（1）男同志與女同志因性別權力結構位置不同，在面對外在壓力源與同志身分汙名時，呈現明顯的性別差異。例如：男同志隱藏警戒身分，以及傳統婚嫁的外在壓力較女同志高，內化恐同的程度也較女同志高。（2）無論男同志或女同志，外在壓力確實影響同志身分認同與分手調適；結果支持性少數壓力模型。此外，同志身分認同在外在壓力源與正向分手調適之間具有中介效果，對於男同志的正向影響明顯高於女同志；外在壓力源對負向分手調適則為直接影響。

In recent years there have been an increasing number of studies on the impact of external sources of stress on LGB identity. However, these studies did not go further to examine the impact of external sources of stress and LGB identity on break-up adjustment, nor did they provide evidence or measurement of variation between LGB males and LGB females. This study used on-line questionnaires to find participants who approved of the importance of this study and were willing to share their experiences; had experienced same-sex relationships longer than six months; and had ended their relationships within a year. Two hundred and seventy-three participants (100 LGB males and 173 LGB females) were recruited. The research findings are: (1) LGB males and LGB females experience differences in their roles in the gender power structure, and they have obvious gender differences in their external stressors and LGB identity. For example, the external stress for LGB males in evading disclosure of their gay identity and in facing traditional marriage expectations is higher than for LGB females, and males' degree of internalization of homophobia is higher, too. (2) For both LGB males and LGB females, external stressors affect the LGB identity and breakup adjustment process. The LGB identity is found to be a full mediator between external stresses and positive break-up adjustment. The results provide support for the sexual minority stress model. The external stresses directly influence negative break-up adjustment. The LGB male's identity has a stronger impact on positive break-up adjustment than does the LGB female's identity.