〈壽樓春〉詞牌詞情轉變與原因探析

The analysis and discussion of the change of the imagery of the ci pai“Shoulouchun”

〈壽樓春〉此一詞牌，始於史達祖（約1160－1210在世）之手，乃為悼亡其妻之作，而後世詞人做此詞牌者，有用以悼亡外，亦有祝壽、題詠、贈詞唱和等等，其中轉變與原因值得探究。蓋本文蒐羅由南宋自近代的〈壽樓春〉詞作，先梳理其內容題材的轉變經過，是從悼亡到傷逝，從傷逝到詠懷，從詠懷到祝壽，再從祝壽到題贈詞一類，可見〈壽樓春〉的題材逐漸擴大和多樣化。明其題材轉變的過程後，再歸納〈壽樓春〉詞情的相同及相異之處，相同處分別有二點：一是多有傷時、傷春之感，二是多抒發愁情，此類〈壽樓春〉詞皆是繼承史達祖的表現手法。相異處則是不固定作哀音，詞情的哀樂多視對象而定，通常為祝壽、題贈一類。最後再探討〈壽樓春〉詞牌轉變的原因，是由於詞牌名稱的誤導、音樂與內容的脫節以及人云亦云的創作。至此即可知〈壽樓春〉詞牌的轉變經過與原因。

The ci pai ''Shoulouchun'', which was first written by Shi Dazu (around A.D. 1160-1210), was aimed to commemorate his wife. However, the poet of later generation also wrote this ci pai for the purpose of commemoration, birthday congratulation, inscription, communication through composition, etc. Compare the significantly different purpose of Shi Dazu with poet of later generation, the reason and the transformation deserved to be investigated. In this study, ci that were written from Southern Song Dynasty to recent year were collected, and organized the changing process of the content and theme, which started from the transformation from commemoration to grieve, then to expression of one's feeling, then to birthday congratulation, then to communication through composition. It suggested that the theme of ''Shoulouchun'' was gradually expanded and becoming diversified. After clarifying the changing process of its theme, the similarities and differences of connotation of ''Shoulouchun'' were discussed. There were two similarities. First, most of the connotation expressed the sorrowful feeling for current issue or the passing of spring. Second, most of the connotation expressed gloomy feeling. This kind of ''Shoulouchun'' ci shareed the similar ways of expression with Shi Dazu's work. The difference was that these ci were not always written for expressing sad and dreary feeling. The theme of the ci was often decided by whom the author aimed to written for, and the theme was usually the type of birthday congratulation and communication through composition Finally, the reason why the ci pai ''Shoulouchun'' was changing was discussed. The reason might be the misleading of the name of ci pai, the disconnection between the music and the content, and the composition which was written without any opinion. Based on the discussion so far, the process and reason of the transformation of ci pai ''Shoulouchun'' might be clarified.