《網師園唐詩箋註》與《唐詩別裁集》杜詩選評之比較──兼論乾隆時期選評杜詩的朝野之分

The Annotated Comparison of Du Fu’s Poems from “the Garden of Master of Nets Tang poetry Commentary” and “Selected Collection of Tang Poetry”-- Simultaneously Discuss the difference about selecting and commenting Du Fu’s poems between the government and non-government in Qianlong’s Regime

《網師園唐詩箋註》為清代宋宗元所編選，此唐詩選本與沈德潛的《唐詩別裁集》有7成詩選相同，且在同是選本中最高選數的杜詩更有高達9成的重疊，是以本文乃析論宋宗元對沈德潛所選評之杜詩有何繼承，以及兩部選本的落差所在。目前學界對沈德潛的詩學理念、《唐詩別裁集》的選詩宗旨，甚至沈氏的杜詩學都有豐碩研究，但並未論及宋宗元《網師園唐詩箋註》，更無針對此兩部選本的繼承關係與轉變進行探究者。本文採逐一比對的方式，發現宋宗元所選杜詩有56首與沈德潛的評語近似。其中，二人評論又同以制義解題之法分述杜詩各段主旨，尤其在官定為試帖詩的五言排律，宋宗元也繼承沈德潛剖析的旨趣；再者，宋宗元亦延續沈德潛以格調派解說杜詩筆法，發掘詩作的藝術特點。然而，當宋宗元多數參照沈德潛的杜詩評語，卻省略後者指出的忠愛精神；乃至於當《唐詩別裁集》同於乾隆《唐宋詩醇》將選杜的核心擺在發揚忠君愛國，《網師園唐詩箋註》卻略過此類詩作，轉而選評杜詩的情感與美學，此與同樣參考沈德潛之選的《唐詩三百首》，均揭示相較於文壇領袖的官方意識，以在野文人自居的評杜詩家已從宣傳忠孝使命轉向關注詩歌的文學本質。

'the Garden of Master of Nets Tang poetry Commentary'' was selected and edited by Song Zong-yuan who was a Qing Dynasty person. There was seventy percent same poetry selection between this Tang poetry commentary and Shen De-qian's ''Anthology of Tang Poems''. Furthermore, there was ninety percent overlap of Du Fu's poems that were selected the largest both the two Anthologies. Therefore, this paper analysed how Song Zong-yuan followed Shen De-qian's selections and comments on Du Fu's poems, and what the differences were between them. By comparing Du Fu's poems in the two anthologies one by one, we could find there were similar comments on 56 poems. Among them, the two critics likewise explained the subject matter of Du Fu's poems, especially the pentasyllabic regulated verse which was assigned on Imperial Examination, by the method used on Eight-Legged Essay. In addition, the comment which was accustomed by pattern school on the technique of writing of Du Fu's poems was also used by Song Zong-yuan to illustrate the artistic feature. However, Song Zong-yuan skipped Du Fu's spirit of loyalty which was attached great importance by Shen De-qian. Unlike ''Anthology of Tang Poems'' was affected by Emperor Qian Long, Song Zong-yuan not only omitted this kind poems but also payed attention to the emotion and the aesthetic sense in Du Fu's poems. This difference showed the critics had noticed the literary essence of poems no longer the mission of publicizing the loyalty.