范成大使金詩中所表現的汴京意象及遺民心境

The Imagery of Bianjing and the Mood of an Adherent of a Former Dynasty Expressed in Fan-Chengda’s poem

汴京亦稱汴梁、東京，今河南開封，在北宋時期為朝廷所在，為中國六大古都之一，享有七朝古都美名。北宋張擇端〈清明上河圖〉以及孟元老《東京夢華錄》皆對當時故都意象多有描繪。靖康之禍後，北宋滅亡，高宗趙構遷都臨安（今浙江杭州），使南宋文人開始發展出許多故都文學作品。范成大出生於北宋淪亡之際，帶著不對等紹興和議及感於家國淪亡之沉重心情奉使金國，於出使途中，作紀行詩〈使金詩七十二絕句〉，並撰有日記《攬轡錄》，皆以描繪山川地理為主要題材，尤以途經故都期間，更流露出其心中之傷感與憤恨。范成大所作《攬轡錄》與〈使金詩七十二絕句〉，均以當地景物作為描繪紀錄對象，作品不時透露對於家國淪亡之悲痛。帶有如此複雜心情之范成大，面對舊時故都景象，筆下汴京面貌又當是如何？本文將以范成大紀行詩〈使金詩七十二絕句〉與日記《攬轡錄》為主，探討文學家筆下故都汴京，在五味雜陳情緒下，如何記錄曾經家國景色。而透過一個南宋文人對北宋故都身歷其境之描繪，其詩句字裡行間又是展現出何種心境？此外，相對於孟元老《東京夢華錄》所見所聞，范成大與孟元老二人所記載景物意象又有何異同？均為本文討論之重點。

Bianjing,also known as Bianliang and Domgjin, is now Kaifeng, Henan. It was the imperial court in the Northern Song Dynasty. It was one of the six major ancient cities of China and enjoyed a reputation of the ancient capital city of the Seven Dynasties. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Bianjing was portrayed by both Zhang Zeduan's ''Pictures on the River in the Qingming Period'' and Meng Yuan's ''Tokyo Dream Hualu''. After the disaster of Jingkang in the Northern Song Dynasty, emperor Gaozong of Song, Zhao Gou, changed the capital to Lin'an (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang), so that the literati in the Southern Song Dynasty began to compose many literary works with regard to the old capital. Fan Chengda was born in the time of the fall of the Northern Song Dynasty. With the unequal Treaty of Shaoxing and the heavy feeling of the fall of his country, he was assigned to go to the Jin as envoy. On the way to go to the Jin, he wrote a poem ''The 72 poems of the Jin poetry'' and his diaries ''Lan pei Lu'', both of these two works mainly describe the geography, such as mountains and rivers. The content about the old capital especially revealed his sadness and resentment. Fan Chengda's ''Lan pri lu'' and ''Jushi Jinshi's 72 quatrains'' both recorded local sceneries. His works often revealed the grief of the fall of his country. With such a complex feeling, and facing to the scenes of the old capital, how is Bianjing like in his works? This article will focus on Fan Chengda's poem ''Making Seventy-two Poems of Jinshi'' and the diary ''Lan Jilu'' to discuss how did Fan Chengda discribe Bianjing, and how did him record the old scenes under the mixed feelings. Moreover, through a Southern Song writer's depiction of the Northern Song Dynasty's capital, what kind of meaning did he show to us in his poems? In addition, compared to Meng Yuan's ''Tokyo Dream Hualu'', this paper is also going to study the differences and similarities between Fan Chengda's and Meng Yuan's works.