戰國與西漢〈緇衣〉文本詮釋的差異比較三則

Interpreting ''The Black Robes'': Two Versions, Three Differences

本文分析戰國郭店〈緇衣〉與漢代《禮記‧緇衣》中三則「子曰」的論述，比較這兩個不同時期文本之間的詮釋差異，以及早期儒學思想在其間的發展變化。有別於其他相似主題的論述，本文結合古文字的考釋方法，就重要語詞進行分析，並以文本細讀的方式釐清整個論述的語境與邏輯關係。具體而言，〈緇衣〉文本的三則「子曰」共同論述了「君臣關係」此一重要的主題，通過不同時期兩個文本在使用字詞、徵引《詩》、《書》等諸多詮釋的差異，可以看到戰國時期儒學所提出君臣地位對等，得以相抗的政治理想，發展到西漢中期儼然產生本質性的變化，出現君王地位絕對，臣民僅遵服從的局面，可以說是戰國時期儒學思想中君臣相抗的理想發展到西漢中期的消失。

This study considers three different passages from the early Chinese text ''Ziyi'' (Black Robes). Through a careful comparison of the three extant versions of ''Ziyi''-two manuscript versions and a third received version in the canonical Liji (Records of Rites)-the study shows that the transmission of the ''Ziyi'' undergoes a transformation from the Warring States to the Han. An early version of the text presents a position where the minister stands on an equal footing with the ruler and is thus able to challenge his authority wherever necessary. However, in the later version, this position is revised, literally rewritten, to reflect a different position: the ruler's absolute power dominates the minister absolutely. Such findings have significant implications for understanding ''Ziyi,'' the Guodian manuscripts, and early Confucian thought, and they illustrate an approach that can be considered when reading other newly excavated manuscripts with received counterparts.