冷戰時期東亞威權國家對報紙的管制（1945－1987）：以臺灣與韓國的比較為中心

Newspapers Control in East Asian Authoritarianism during the Cold War: A Comparative Analysis between Taiwan and Korea

第二次大戰後，在臺灣與韓國所建構的政權，性質上皆屬於威權獨裁政權。1987年臺灣宣布解嚴、同年韓國亦宣布「民主化宣言」，兩國逐漸轉換為民主社會。對於臺灣與韓國的威權獨裁政權而言，控制媒體是維持政權的重要手段。因為透過媒體宣傳可強化政權的「正當性」與「合理性」，加強對人民的控制。因此威權國家時期，兩國政府都建立制度化的媒體管制體制。本文主要以比較視角，探討臺灣與韓國的報紙管制體制的建構過程與其方法，並分析兩國報紙管制體制出現差異性的原因。本文首先討論臺灣與韓國不同的政權如何形構報紙管制制度，以及兩國控制報業的手法有何不同；同時，亦說明兩國不同政權如何建構出侍從報業。接著，主要以建構制度的時間差，以及兩國政府性質與基礎之不同，分析兩國不同政權建構出不同報紙管制制度的原因。再者，以國際情勢的變化與「正統性」問題為焦點，解釋兩國報紙管制制度產生鬆動與嚴緊的時間差之原因，以及兩國報紙管制制度產生不同發展的背景。

After World War II, both Taiwan and Korea constructed regimes that are authoritarian in essence. The situation remained until the commencement of democratization in 1987, when the martial law was revoked in Taiwan and the Declaration of Political Reforms was announced in Korea. To the two authoritarian governments, media control is a vital means to maintain regime stability since the''legitimacy'' and''rationality'' of the regimes can be reinforced through propaganda, enhancing government control over the people. As a result, institutionalized media control systems were both established by Taiwan and Korea governments during the authoritarian era. The present study is a comparative analysis that investigates the construction and techniques of newspapers control systems in Taiwan and Korea as well as what had caused the dissimilarities between the two systems.