冷戰時期香港「教育條例」修訂與私立專上院校發展（1948－1958）

The Revisions of Education Ordinances and the Development of Post-Secondary College in Cold War Hong Kong. (1948-1958)

香港英國殖民地政府在面對1949年中國山河變色，而戰後全球進入冷戰國際政局的複雜態勢下，管治香港變得困難重重。為了制止各路勢力在港的政治紛爭，並提高政府管治的威信與效能，港府在作為意識型態戰場的教育領域推出新舉措以應時變，在短短十年便三次大幅度修訂教育條例打擊共產主義的滲透工作，同時也對親國民黨及受美國資助的院校進行規管，試圖平衡各方權勢以減少社會矛盾、強化政府管治。但在執行過程中，港府試圖減少社會內部的政治化衝突的初衷，往往又因為其實施的管制手段變得更為政治化，引起中國共產黨方面的輿論反擊。本文以1948至1958年這十年間高度變動的香港社會為研究背景，觀察港府如何藉著三次修例以應對其所面臨的政治挑戰，將特別透過條例的釐訂經過與執行情況，分析港府在教育領域嚴加控制意識型態的各種政治考慮，由此而彰示香港在冷戰時期複雜而多元的政治氛圍。

After the success of the Chinese Communist Revolution in 1949, the British Hong Kong authority realized that it must adjust its policies to cope with the bipolar global system of the Cold War. To win hearts and minds in culture Cold War, the British Hong Kong authority revised the education ordinances thrice in 1948-1958, partly to stop the infiltration of Chinese Communist agents into the colony, and party to control private schools funded by the Guomindang and the Americans. The goal of these ordinance revisions was to strike a precarious balance between the two rivaling camps which were, in turn, an extension of the global competition between the Communist World and the Free World. Paradoxically, in implementing these revisions the British Hong Kong triggered more conflicts between the two camps, resulting in more social tensions and political controversies. In this paper, we will examine the purposes and implementations of these three revisions of education ordinances, using the revisions as a lens to gauge the complexity and fluidity of Cold War Hong Kong.