饒平客語的唇齒擦音聲母

Labiodental Initials in Rauping Hakka Dialect

客語的f、v聲母是其語音特色之一，本研究整理饒平與海陸客語f、v的普遍分佈，並對比其異同點；文中歸納海陸與饒平f、v差異分佈，僅出現於當音節兼具圓唇與舌冠元音和舌冠韻尾之特定環境，顯示此一變化應是由特定音韻條件所導致。全文從最佳音節角度，詮釋海陸客語與饒平客語f、v聲母的形成機制；並參考Flemming（2003）舌冠音與元音前後的互動分析，解析饒平與海陸唇齒擦音的後續分化演變條件，一則是滿足雙重舌冠音與居間元音的前後共諧需求，避免出現前後特徵夾雜分佈現象，二則是唇音特徵保留的位階高低，饒平的唇音特徵保留相對較高，因此盡可能讓舌冠與唇音兩類特徵並存。如華語「圓yan」，在饒平以vien形式呈現，因後圓唇元音u與舌冠音（i, n），舌位前後相反，以vien呈現可以避免圓唇特徵介入兩個舌冠之間，又可最大保留唇音特徵。

Labio-dental Initials, f and v, are one of the specific phonological characteristics of Hakka language. In this paper, the Hakka-common and Rauping-Hakka-only's labio-dential initial words are throughly collected to analyze their distributional sameness and difference. Based on the collected data, a general rule is concluded: Rauping and Hailu differ in their labio-dental initial distribution if and only if the syllables are ended with coronal segment and have both coronal and labial features in the nucleus. The formation of ‘f, v' in Hakka is basically a result of optimal syllable constraints. And the Rauping-only ‘f, v' formation can be attributed to two factors, one is the backness agreement between vowels and their surrounding coronals(cf. Flemming 2003), the other is a requirement of maxium preservation of labial feature. Therefore, Mandarin ‘圓 yan(round) ' is pronounced as ‘vien' in Rauping, since the back rounded vowel(u) contradicted in backness with the coronal segments(i.e. ‘i, n'), the syllable is realized as ‘vien' to fulfill both the maxium preservation of labial feature and the backness agreement between coronal segments and adjacent vowels.