從單語到雙語教學：語碼轉換在語言教育的運用

From Monolingual to Bilingual Teaching: Code-switching in Language Teaching Hak-khiam TIUN

「目標語教學是否需要排除第一語言？」是語言教育常爭議的問題。支持排除的理由通常提及最大量的目標語接觸及避免第一語言干擾。語碼轉換涉及第一語言及目標語的使用，也在排除之列。語言教育很少重視語碼轉換扮演的角色。就算是雙語教育也堅持僅用目標語，認為雙語之間最好各自分離。最近，分離式雙語觀受到質疑，取而代之的是彈性式雙語觀，主張運用語言相輔相成的關係，將第一語言融入第二語言教學。本文主張以語碼轉換搭建學習第二語言的橋樑，容許第一語言在第二語言學習中，適切的使用。文中透過兩種雙語觀的比較，支持雙語教學的趨勢，藉由討論語碼轉換的諸多功能，提出融入語碼轉換的理由及教學法。簡言之，本文探討為何及如何運用語碼轉換於語言教育。希望這些討論有助於將傳統的單語教學，轉化為雙語教學。

A hotly debated issue in language education is: “Should we exclude first language in target language teaching?” Maximum exposure of target language and fear of first language interference are often cited as reasons of first language exclusion. First language is generally deemed as a barrier to second language learning. As code-switching involves the use of first language, it is ruled out in language classrooms based on direct method. Thus, the role of code-switching has received only marginal attention in language education. This paper aims to argue for the use of code-switching as a bridge to learn target language. This paper presents reasons for the adaptation of code-switching by comparing two kinds of orientations toward bilingualism, and by considering the functions of code-switching in language classrooms. It also provides ways of integrating code-switching into language teaching. In short, this paper answers the why and the how questions of applying code-switching in language teaching.