公共自行車系統站點區位優化之研究

Improvement Strategies for Rental Stations of Public Bike System

公共自行車系統租賃站點區位評估在系統營運扮演極為重要之角色，站點設置為系統成功營運關鍵因素。本研究結合數學規劃與空間分析法建立公共自行車站點選址優化模型，並以屏東市及潮州鎮進行實證分析。本研究首先回顧公共自行車設站原則，遴選出二市鎮之潛在需求區位，並依據屏東市現有站點旅次資料建立多元線性迴歸模型以預測各需求點旅次數。續建立最大覆蓋率模型用以求解適當之站點區位，再進行區域型空間自相關指數分析以評估驗證其分佈合理性。研究中並根據站點配置規模的邊際效益與成本，決定兩地最適站點數量，研究成果除提供屏東縣政府後續改善與建置公共自行車系統之依據，亦能作為公私部門規劃設計公共自行車租賃站點區位之參考。

This study aims to provide improvement strategies for the public bike system in Pingtung (P-bike System). An optimization framework is developed and applied in this study to determine the locations of public bike stations. First, this study reviews the existing guidelines and standards worldwide for planning and design of public bike systems. Then, potential locations of rental stations are selected based on these guidelines and standards in this study. These locations are consisted of public facilities, markets, schools, recreation facilities and residential districts. Potential trips in each of the rental stations are analyzed and predicted by multiple linear regression analysis. Mathematical model based on Maximal Covering Location Problem is developed with the objective of covering the maximum potential users from the potential locations in the surrounding area of rental stations. In addition, this study applies the Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) to analyze the spatial characteristics of selected rental stations for validating that these rental stations are well distributed. Finally, case studies are conducted in Pingtung City and Chaozhou Town to verify the applicability of the model. Marginal benefit and cost analysis are also applied to determine the optimal scale of stations in the two cities. The research results could be a reference for Pingtung County in the improvement of public bike system. The model could also be used for planning and design of rental stations of public bike system in other cities.