Modeling and Performance Assessment of Transfer Impedance in an Intermodal Logistics Routes Selection Problem

評估轉運阻抗於複合運輸物流網路輸配送路徑選擇之影響

近年來國際物流隨著全球貿易快速發展日益興盛，運輸網路之路徑選擇與轉運場站的挑選，始終都是物流業者相當關心的課題。有效率的複合運輸物流系統不僅有助於減少運籌成本，還具有提升運具使用效能、改善運輸基礎設施使用率、提高系統彈性、減少貨物於轉運站之滯留時間與儲存空間等優點。轉運過程過往在文獻中常以固定時間窗表示，較少探討尖離峰貨物處理時間之差異性對路徑選擇造成之影響。本研究透過實際訪談國際物流業者，分析影響貨運場站轉運過程與通關效率等轉運阻抗因素，考量不同運具、轉運場站與路線組合之總運輸時間與成本，結合貨物價值依時性變化之特性，構建一多目標規劃路徑選擇優化問題，提供國際物流業者選擇運送路徑決策時參考。

Over the past decade, international logistics has grown in popularity. Route choice combined with transfer terminal selection has been recognized as one of the great challenges faced by international logistics carriers. Efficient intermodal logistics systems can significantly reduce transportation costs in global business, thereby also increasing the vehicles utilization rates, improving the utilization of existing transportation infrastructure, enhancing the system resilience, reducing the dwell time and storage requirements of freight at transfer terminals, and providing higher service level. Several previous studies focus on intermodal freight transfer schedule in attempting to estimate it as a fixed time window; however, the estimated unloading, loading, and cargo processing time (i.e. transfer impedance) may vary depending on the number of routes interconnecting and the utilization rate of the processing equipment inside the terminal. The study starts from a typical transportation network routing approach and then incorporates nonlinear time dependent cargo value functions into a multi-objective mixed integer nonlinear programming (MMINLP) problem. The studied MMINLP model is developed for jointly minimizing the total system costs and total transportation time based on routes selection results, while at the same time optimizing the choice of transfer terminals connecting to different modes.