海難救助契約選擇決策因素之研究

A Study on the Key Factors in Selecting Salvage Contract

本研究乃探討船舶所有人選擇海難救助契約之情形，透過建構出一套決策矩陣，以供船舶所有人選擇適切之海難救助契約。本文利用勞依茲海難救助仲裁機構的資料庫中，二十個不同類型之實際海難救助案例彙整成四個重要衡量因素，後續以灰色關聯性分析法來驗證所得出之衡量因素，是否與數據分析過後之結果一致，最後參酌風險矩陣的概念進而建構出決策矩陣，並藉由四個不同的海難救助案例予以驗證。本文結果顯示「船員的自救能力」、「船舶所有人的急迫性」及「救助人的難度別」是船舶所有人選擇海難救助契約時最重要的三大決策因素。希冀其分析結果可協助船舶所有人，在有限時間內選擇適當的海難救助契約。

In this study, it discussed the selecting pattern of salvage contract from the perspective of shipowner. By establishing a decision matrix and it would help shipowner to choose a proper salvage contract. This study analyzed 20 different marine salvage cases from Lloyd's Salvage Arbitration Branch in order to sort out the four main factors in the marine salvage. We utilized grey relational analysis to verify the factors found above and the result was in consistent with the finding. Decision matrix, a concept of risk matrix, was also used to verify the decision making. We used another 4 marine salvage cases to verify the decision matrix and the result was accurate and workable. It showed that the three key factors in selecting salvage contract were crew's ability in self-relieving, shipowner's judgment on the level of emergency and salvor's evaluation on the degree of danger. By using this study, shipowner can make a proper and prompt decision in choosing salvage contract.