東南亞國家政策與華人語言發展之影響──以菲律賓「咱人話」為例

The Effect of South East Asian State Policy and the Development of Chinese as a Foreign Language--Philippines's “Southern Min”: A Study

菲律賓的地理位置與中國東南沿海距離甚近，是早期華人下南洋的主要地區之一，使得華人絡繹不絕的前往菲律賓期望謀求更好的生存機會，也將華人在原鄉的母語帶進菲律賓社會，融合其他語言成為目前華人的共通語「咱人話」。「咱人話」是華人在菲律賓所使用的閩南語的稱呼，是一個代表閩南語的概念，隨著時代的改變，「咱人話」所指的語言成分也有所不同。原為漳州人居多的菲律賓華人，而後被泉州人漸漸取代，尤其是到了西元1820年6次大屠殺之後，泉州人的比例幾乎已佔半數，到了1890年代更已超過半數成為新一代菲律賓華人代表，此時漳州人的比例僅剩2－3成。自泉州話成為咱人話主體之後，其穩固的位置也不再動搖，而一個語言能否在地化則需要與當地的其他語言有所接觸。現今的咱人話以泉州話為基礎，融合了菲律賓語、西班牙語、英語等各語言成為有別於原鄉的泉州話。既然是經過時間的淬煉也在地化成為菲律賓華人的共通語，但為何仍走向沒落？本文將以「西文簿記法」、「華校菲化案」及華語熱三大事件對咱人話的影響做詳細說明。

he geographical position of Philippines and coastal Southern part of China are near to each other. This urged the Chinese people to take a long stream to the Philippines in their quest for better survival rate. They bring with them their mother tongue. As a result, it was combined with the dialects in the Philippines which then created what we know as “Southern Min” (Lán-lâng-uē). “Lán-lâng-uē” is used by Chinese people in the Philippines to address and represent the concept of Min language. Along with the changes of time, the language components of” also altered. Originally, majority of the Chinese people in the Philippines were from Zhangzhou. However, years after, people from Quanzhou gradually replaced the people from Zhangzhou especially after the 6-time Holocaust in 1820 A.D. People from Quanzhou, during this era, nearly occupied half of the population. Furthermore, in the year 1890, people from Quanzhou exceeded more than half of the population which then made them represent the modern Chinese people in the Philippines. Today, people from Zhangzhou have an increase of approximately 20-30%. To consider Quanzhou language as the main subject of “is dependent on the stability of a language, as well as the learnability and connectivity of it.” people nowadays considered Quanzhou language as the foundation of modern and local Min language with the combination of Filipino, Spanish, English and other languages. Even though as time pass by “Lán-lâng-uē” became Philippines' local and common Min language, its trend is still declining. Is it because of the established policy of the Philippine government? This study aims to explain the” Book Keeping Act“ Philippinization of Alien Schools” and Mandarin wave three major trends on the said issue.