南胡北黃：民國地理學的分野（1936－1952）

Divisions among Geographers in China, 1936-1952

1936年黃國璋主持北平師範大學地理系，與胡煥庸主持的南京中央大學地理系南北呼應，形成中國地理學上的「南胡北黃」格局。具體而言，北派是以北平師範大學地理系和清華大學地學系為中心，依託中國地學會，強調歐美地理學範式；南派則是以中央大學地理系和浙江大學史地系為中心，依託中國地理學會，側重中國本土地理學範式。兩派之爭始於學術傳統和地域分異，繼而擴展至地理學會、學術機構、學術範式，以及學術研究的紛爭，終以政治收場。地理學的南北之分不僅契合民國學術的南北分野和政治中心的轉移，同時反映中國本土地理學和西方地理學之間的張力，深刻塑造了中國近代地理學的構建與敘事。

In 1936 China developed two divergent schools of geographers in Beijing and Nanjing respectively. The northern school led by Huang Guozhang, the head of the geography department at National Beiping Normal University, highlighted the geographical practices followed in the United States and Europe, while the southern clique marshaled by Hu Huanyong, the chair of the geography department at National Central University, emphasized Chinese geographical patterns. The conflicts between the two groups derived from their distinct academic traditions and locations, which later caused rivalry in geographical organizations, institutes, paradigms, and research. Although the two schools were finally ended by the Communist regime, the division between north and south had not only coincided with political friction but also reflected the paradigmatic tension between Chinese geography and Western geography, and exerted a profound impact on the writing of Chinese geography.