黨國邊緣的私立大學──黃尊三與北平民國大學（1928－1930）

Private Universities at the Margins of the Party-State: Huang Zunsan and Peiping National University

關於民國時期私立大學的研究，近年來學界在檔案、報刊等史料基礎上，多以個案來切入探討，論題涉及內部體制、立案、經費、學潮等方面，但仍缺乏以個體微觀視角為主、而且能夠涵蓋上述各論題的探討。《黃尊三日記》中關於北平民國大學的記述，生動展現出黃尊三參與辦學之艱難經歷，當中不僅反映出國民政府初期私立大學的發展處境，更反映了南京國民黨勢力無法進入的北平地區的私立大學的特殊狀況。民國大學雖具國民黨傳統，校長亦為革命元老，實際卻與國民黨無甚關係。該校儘管處於黨國體制之下，但黨化壓力與中央權力介入微弱；其生存須周旋於各方勢力之間，倚靠軍、政人物；學校經費短缺，籌款亦困難；制度上雖努力謀求立案，卻難於應對。此外，民國大學內部情況複雜，也嚴重影響校務運轉，當校內衝突與外部時局劇變交互作用，校政亦隨之不穩。由於地域、軍事、政治、經濟等環境不同，處於黨國邊緣的北平民國大學，呈現出諸多有別於上海、江浙等國民黨統治核心區域私立大學之處。

Recent years have seen considerable research on private universities during the republican period that makes full use of historical materials such as archives, newspapers and periodicals; focuses on case studies; and discusses such topics internal systems, official registration, funding, and learning trends. However, there is a lack of research on micro-individual history covering such topics. The accounts of Peiping National University in The Diary of Huang Zunsan not only vividly show the difficult process of running a private university experienced by the administrator-scholar Huang Zunsan, but also reflect the difficulties faced by private universities under the early Nanjing government, especially the special situation of private universities in the Peiping region that Guomindang officials could not enter. Although Peiping National University had a Guomindang tradition and its leader was a revolutionary veteran, it was run independently from the Guomindang. Peiping National University relied on military and political figures of all sides and dealt with the forces of all sides. Due to different regional, military, political, and economic environments, Peiping National University—situated at the margins of the Guomindang party-state--differed in many respects from private universities in Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and other places in the Guomindang's ruling core area.