法國歷史教育的歷史與晚近發展：兼論記憶法律所引起的爭議

The History and Recent Development of French History Education: Institutionalization, Reforms, and Controversy over Memory Laws

本文以法國的中小學歷史教育為主題，在第一部分擇要地回顧其建制化的過程，第二部分聚焦於二戰後其所經歷的重要改革，包括課綱的改革、教學法的改革，和課程架構上的改革。第三部分則針對1990年代迄今，圍繞著歷史記憶等議題所引發的討論，尤其是針對國會陸續通過的「記憶法律」所引起的社會效應，以及對教育現場的衝擊。文末開放性的結尾希望促進思考：在歷史公共化的前景下，中小學校的歷史教育該如何重新定位的問題。

This article focuses on historical education in primary and secondary schools in France. The first part reviews the process of its institutionalization and the influence of key events and actors. The second part assesses the important changes implemented after World War II, including curricular, pedagogical, and structural reforms. The third part deals with the discussions related to historical memories since the 1990s, especially the ‘memory laws’ passed by the French Parliament and their impacts on society and school education. In light of the increasing prominence of historical issues in public society, the article concludes by openly asking how primary and secondary schools’ history education can be repositioned in this context.