日本洋菇栽培考察報告

Report on Mushroom Growing in Japan

本文敘述日本洋菇栽培近況，並提出臺灣洋菇栽培改進意見。

During the year 1966-1967, the writer visited Japan twice to investigate their mushroom iudustry, the report is summarized as follow: 1. Production: Before (cheaper the better) Taiwan mushroom took over the position of Japanese mushroom in United States and West German market, Japan had been the fourth leading mushroom export country in the world. In 1964, the total mushroom production on Japan was figured 735ton. But after two years of improvement on mushroom growing technique, the unit yield evidently increased. They are now growing more than to kilograms of fresh mushroom from one pin of growing area without any difficulty. The production of fresh mushroom totaled 1,361 ton in 1956. 2. Research work: There are many research stations in Japan, but the research laboratory concerning French mushroom are few. 3. Mushroom house: The climatic condition for mushroom growing in Japan is rather cool. Yet the insulation of mushroom house become important. In order to decrease the cost of housing, they have recommanded growers to use vinyl sheet for mushroom house construction material. They have failed to grow mushroom in air conditioned house commercially recently. 4 Cropping season: In Japan, the mushroom cropping season may describe in three ways; A) Spring crop harvesting from April to June. B) Autumn crop, harvesting from October to December, C) (Two winter season's) crop, harvesting from October to February next year. 5. Mushroom spawn: There are only four commercial scale spawn maker in Japan, they are Mon enterprise Co. Ltd., Nippon Agri. spawn Co. Ltd., Morimoto spawn Lab., and Toyo Food Research Lab.. All are in small scale. Spawn media are not standerdized. 6. Composting: The main characteristics of mushroom compost in Japan are A) The media for, mushroom growing contents 150 kilograms rice straw per pin. B) The rice straw must be cut into pieces 20-25 cm in length. C) They always use compost holder for first and second staoking. D) Calcium cianamide is one of the main chemical nitrozen supplement on compost. E) They are chosing the 15-16 days out door short composting method. F) Peak-heating or pauturization of compost is necessary for compost preparation. 7. Casing soila High water contentable soil is recommanded for mushroom casing in Japan. There are so called ”Peat moss” for sell in the market, which provides high water holding capacity. 8. Pest control: The problems on insects and diseases are not serious, because of its cold winter weather, clean circumstances, closed type mushroom house and pasturized compost. 9. Cropping and Marketing: Cool weather on growing time makes them easier to keep the temperature inside the mushroom house. Good cooperation was observed between grower and packer. Plastic container which is poured with water, may reduce the damage of fresh mushroom during transpotation. 10. Cost and Income: The cost of mushroom production in Japan is higher than that in Taiwan. The grower still can have 10,000 Yen net income from 20pin mushroom culture.