番茹裂果之研究

A Study on Tomato Fruit Cracking

一、本研究分為兩部進行，一為市場出售番茄裂果情形之調查，一為溫室番茄盆栽試驗。二、市場出售番茄裂果調查之結果如下：A.台灣一月至六月中，以五月份裂果百分率最高為48.81%。B.裂果之成熟度，則以紅熟期之裂果為30.54%較綠熟期者24.31%為高。C.裂果之種類，則以輻射狀裂果佔73.47%為最多，其他環狀裂果佔少數。D.裂果之程度，則以經微裂果占93.82%。三、溫室番茄盆栽試驗部份，以灌水量不同，使土壤保持不同之濕度，觀察其裂果發生之情形。A.土壤經常保持充分含水量者，裂果百分率較土壤含水量有變化者為高。B.所有裂果主要均屬幅射狀裂果，故知該種裂果之導因主要由於遺傳及土壤中水分含量使然。C.紅熟期裂果之百分率較高。D.裂果與花穗之位置或果實在花穗上之位置，似無一定之關係。E.嚴重裂果百分率Campbell 146品種，以灌水量有變化之處理較土壤徑常保持充分含水量者為高。F.就品種而言，二品種Marglobe與Campbell 146均呈裂果現象，Campbell 146之抗裂果性，在本試驗中效果並不明顯。

(1) This experiment is divided into two parts: 1.A survey of tomato fruit cracking. condition ih the retail market. 2.Tomato fruit cracking experiment in pot culture under greenhouse. (2) The results of the tomato fruit cracking survey in the retail market are as follows: 1.In the period of from January to June in Taiwan, it has been found that the highest percentage of fruit cracking occured in May (48.81%). 2.So far as fruit maturity is concerued, the fruit cracking percentage in the 'red-mature stage' has a high percentage (30.54%) than that of the 'green­mature stage' (24.31%). 3.The major type of cracking has been the radial cracking which amounted to as high as 73.47% of the the total cracking. 4.As to the severity of the cracking. light cracking predominated having the percentage of 93.82%. (3) For the study of the occurrence of fruit cracking, pot culture of tomato grown under greenhouse have been treated with different amount and timing of water supply. The results are summarized as follows: 1.Higher percentage of fruit cracking has been found in plots supply with ample water having a constant high soil moisture and less variable cond1t10n. Fruit cracking percentage has been found lower in plots having variable soil moisture condition. 2.Nearly all the fruit cracking found pertain to the radial cracking type of fruit cracking is known to be contributed by soil moisture condition. 3.The higher percentage of fruit cracking found in the 'red-mature stag' in greenhouse expenment agree with the fact found in the retail market survey. 4.It seemed to be little or no relationship between fruit cracking and the position of flower cluster or the position of the fruit in the cluster. 5.So far as variety is concerned, fruit cracking occured m both vaneties (Campbell 146 and Marglobe) and not much difference has been formed. 6.The percentage of severe fruit creacking was high in plots with variable water supply than in plots of constant water supply in variety Campbell 146.