甜椒的遺傳與育種行為之研究（三）雜種第一代之株重、株高、分枝數、總花數、始花期及成熟期之全互交法分析

Studies on Genetic Behavior and Breeding of Sweet Pepper (Ⅲ) A Diallel Analysis of Plant Height, Plant Weight, Number of Branch, Total Number of Flowers, Days to First Flower and Days to First Fruit M

以6個甜椒品種進行全互交，利用F1及親本後代為材料，依據Hayman之統計分析原理及方法研究株高、分枝、總花數、始花期、成熟期及株重數量性狀之遺傳，結果如下：1.所有的性狀，由品種間平均效果所引起的遺傳變異甚大，並皆具有單向之顯性作用。一般株高、分枝數大於30%，而總花數、株重、成熟期及始花期則偏低，但始花期及成熟期呈較早者為顯性，其他性狀則以較大者為顯性。2.所有的性狀之遺傳，均受細胞質之影響。3.支配分枝數之顯，隱性因子頻度不相等，而支配株高、總花數、株重、始花期、成熟期者則相等。4.由迥歸分析得知，始花期及成熟期為累加性及部份顯性，而株高、總花數、株重、分枝數則是具超顯性，均具有非對立因子間之交感作用。5.支配始花期及株重之顯，隱性因子總數，略為相等；支配成熟期之顯性因子總數約大於隱性因子總數之3倍，但株高、分枝數及總花數則隱性因子總數比顯性因子總數稍多。6.至少有3對因子支配始花期、株高、總花數或株重之遺傳，但支配分枝數則有13對。而成熟期以受微效因子控制。

According to Hayman's theory, a diallel analysis of plant height, plant weight, number of branch, total number of flowers, days to first flower and days to first fruit maturity of six sweet pepper cultivars and their all possible crosses were used to study their genetic behavior. Results were as follows. 1. The genetical variation of all characters were highly significant among six parents. All character showed an unidirectional dominant effect, and the characters of plant height and number of branch of F1 had a value greater than 30% while others had a tower value. Generally, dominance was toward the earlier flowering date, earlier fruit maturity, taller plant, higher number of branch, heavier plant weight and higher number of flower. 2. All characters showed the existance of maternal effect. 3. The gene frequencies of dominance and recessive was equal in the character of number of branch and were not in others. 4. Regression analysis of tile data of W(subscript r)/V(subscript r), showed an additive and partially dominant gene effect were existed in days to first flower and days to first fruit maturity while overdominant gene effect and nonallelic interaction were present in plant weight, total number of flower, plant weight and number of branch. 5. The total number of dominant and recessive alleles were approximately equal in plant weight and days to first flower. The total number of dominant genes was about 3 times greater than the recessive genes in days to first fruit maturity. The characters of plant height, number of branch and total number of flower had more recessive than dominant genes. 6. There were at least 3 gene groups controlling the character of plant height, plant weight, days to first flower and total number of flower; 13 gene groups for number of branch and days to first fruit maturity was controlled by polygenes.