臺灣葡萄根瘤線蟲之發生及其傳播

Distribution o Root-knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne Spp.) in Taiwan Vineyards and the Spread of Infestations.

本省苗栗、臺中、南投及彰化等4縣市所栽植的巨峰、金香、黑后及義大利等4個葡萄品種普遍受到根瘤線蟲Meloidogyne spp.之為害，共罹病指數依序為88、55、60及45。依據根瘤線蟲雌蟲的陰門模紋鑑定，為害本省葡萄園的根瘤線蟲為M. incognita及M. javanica兩種。此兩種根瘤線蟲發現的比率，亦因葡萄品種不同而異。葡萄園中間作物中有9種為根瘤線蟲之寄主。而田間雜草則有12種以上為共寄主。畦股翻耕後之葡萄斷根不論散置土表或埋存土中，在飽和含水量及20%土壤濕度下，線蟲於3個月後仍具感染力。在水中之斷根及即卵經過4個月後仍具感染力。

Four varieties and three rootstocks of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) growing at the central area of Taiwan, were heavily infected with Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949 and M. javanica (Treub, 1858) Chitwood, 1949 species of Meloidogyne associated with the grapevines were identified by perineal patterns of females. The ratio of M. incognita to M. javanica were different between the varieties and rootstocks of grapes 9 vegetables and 12 weeds which usually growing in the vineyards are the hoots of this two Meloidogyne species that will increase the nematode population and be a infection source of grapes. Root-knot nematodes survived in the root sections for at least 3 month on the condition of nit the soil or imbeded in the soil. So in the water. It's no doubt chat for the purpose of decreasing the Meloidogyne population to keep away of weeds and root-sections of grape is necessary indeed.