溫度與生長素對檬果開花結實之影響

Effects of Temperature and Growth Regulators on Flowering and Fruit Set of Mango

15℃生長之檬果始花期較田間及30℃生長者慢。GA3、Ethrel、Alar及CCC處理對3℃生長之愛文、海頓檬果及15℃之愛文、海頓興凱特檬果均顯著提早開花。30℃生長之檬果花穗長度比田間自然溫度及在15℃下生長者長。總GA3處理之檬果花穗長度，在三種溫度下均被其他生長素處理者顯著增長。Ethrel處理對田間自然溫度下生長之愛文、海頓及在15℃生長之海頓與凱特檬果亦有增長花穗之效果。兩性花比率高低，依次為30℃及田間自然溫度，而以在15℃下生長者最低。GA3處理能增加雄花數，降低兩性花比率。Ethrel及Alar處理，除對30℃生長下之檬果較對照組呈不顯著差異外，均能提高兩性花比率。而CCC僅對提高田間溫度生長之愛文檬果，及在15℃下之愛文與凱特檬果之二性花之比率有效。經GA3處理之愛文檬果在不同溫度下，其初期著果率均較高，但至半熟期之著果率與其他處理比較並無顯著差異，半熟期著果率均以經Ethrel處理之檬果較佳。

Mango plants flowered later when remained at 15℃ than those in the open field or at 30℃. After GA, Ethrel, Alar and CCC individual treatment, cultivars Irwin and Haden grown at 30° and 15℃ as well as cultivar Keitt at 15℃ were flowered significantly earlier than others. GA treatment showed the longest panicle length under all three temperatures. Ethrel treatment could increase the panicle length of Haden and Irwin when grown in the field as well as Hades and keitt at 15℃. The percentage of hermaphroditic flower was the highest at 30℃, followed by plants grown in the open field and the least at 15℃. GA treatment would increase the number of staminate flowers, while Ethrel and Alar treatment significantly increase the percentage of hermaphroditic flower except at 30℃. CCC could only increase the percentage of hermaphroditic flower of cultivar Irwin in the open field as well as Irwin and keitt at 15℃ Irwin treated with GA had the highest fruit set at pea stage but the difference was not significant when compared to other treatments at marble stags.