花粉立即效應對甜柿果實之影響

Immediate Pollen Effect on the Fruit of Japanese Pollination Constant Non-Astrigent Persimmon

以早生牛心花御所、筆柿'、'Saefuji'為花粉親，富有、次郎、伊豆為母本探討柿之花粉立即效應。花粉親以早生牛心柿4月3日開花為最早＇花御所＇、筆柿、'Saefuji'等，於4月16日至4月23日間開花。在以Saefuji為授粉親下，同一結果枝，因開花時間不同其授粉時間亦有不同，品種間有差異性，次天採收。早採收之果實，其平均果重較重，但果色較不紅，果實硬度不佳，而晚花之果實表現較優。在以四個授粉親檢視花粉立即效應中，果色以早生牛心'、'筆柿'、花御所較'Saefuji'優；而果形以早生牛心柿較扁平，而筆柿'''花御所'、'Saefuji'之果形腰較高。花粉親影響於「富有」結果數、落果率及種子形狀。早生牛心柿與筆柿之花粉親所得之種子較長而尖，平均種子重為輕。種子形狀花御所及'Saefuji'較鈍。筆柿及早生牛心柿較尖。花粉量與石松子比率對果實內種子數，以I:5的比率最多，但在果實鮮重上差異性較小，當種子數愈多時其果實硬度愈佳。人工授粉之平均落果率低於2%以下，環刻處理之平均落果率為55%至85%,自然授粉之平均落果率為75%。

In this experiment,'Hanagosho','Fule'kaki,'Tzdo-Sheng Niou-Shin' and'Saeful pollens were used as pollinizers. Among them,'Tzdo-Sheng Niou-Shin' was flowering as early as in April, earlier than others which flowered between May 3 and May 9. In terms of the effect of pollination time on the fruit quality, even on the same fruiting shoot, different flowering time required different pollination time. Those female flowers which flowered earlier than others could be harvested 20 days earlier. Among different varieties, the pollination time of'Jiro' was IO days earlier than 'Fukuyu' and IO days later than'Izu' In terms of fruit quality, the performance of those harvested earlier was not as good as those flowering later, 1.e. the fruit weight was heavier, the color was not as red, and the firmness was not as desirable. In terms of the fruit color, the performance of'Hanagosho','Fule' kaki and'Tzdo-Sheng NiouShin' was better than Saefuji'. The fruit of those pollinized with 'Tzdo-Sheng NiouShin' was flatter. However,the fruit of those pollinized with 'Hanagosho','Fule' kaki and'Saefu正 was more elongated. Regarding the fruit setting rate, the fruit dropping rate and the seed shape, the performance differed by different pollinizers. The fruit settings of these trees were all over 98%, and the fruit dropping rate was less than 2%. The seeds of those pollinized by'Hanagosho'and'Fule'kaki were smaller. The seeds from'Hanagosho'genes were blunt while'Fule' kaki genes were sharp. Those whose parents were either 禱 Tzdo-Sheng NiouShin' or'Saefuji ' genes were large and blunt. The largest number of seeds was obtained while the ratiio of pollen and pine resin was 1 :5. The more seeds a fruit contained the firmer it became, although the fresh fruit weight did not vary much. Different treatments resulted in different fruit dropping rates. Artificial pollination performed the best, less than 2%, while girdled treatment resulted in between 55% and 85% and natural pollination resulted. The artificially cross-pollinated persimmon fruit ave both higher fresh weight and sugar content over non-pollinated fruit. Cultivar'Tzao-Sheng-Niou-Shin'was superior to both'Gonq-Sheng'and'Neau'in terms of average fruit weight .