溫度對文心蘭（Oncidium “Gower Ramsey”） 假球莖生長及花序發育之影響

Effect of Temperature on Growth of Pseudobulb and Inflorescences Development of Oncidium “Gower Ramsey”

本研究主要探討文心問Gower Ramsey'之成熟植株，在台灣大學人工氣候室（Phytotron）日／夜溫度30/25°C、25/20°C、20/15°C及15/13°C下及具降溫系統之威諾型溫室中進行試驗，探討花芽、新芽生長、假球莖成熟及植株開花及花序品質。結果高溫使假球莖瘦長，低溫（13-20°C）使假球莖短胖，生育緩慢，開花延遲，但提高花序分枝性及花朵數，並增加其壽命，但在15113°C下，花朵直徑短小。本研究所用植株除了在高溫30/25°C下會明顯地隔代開花外，其他處理組皆能在當代順利抽梗開花。已抽梗10-！Scm的花梗，在20/l5°C下發育，花序品質亦較30/25°C及25/20°C者佳。花序以不同溫度處理，在15-30°C均可得110 cm長及6側枝以上的花序，然花朵數以20/l5°C者最高，顯示涼溫有利花序發育以增加分枝及花朵數。文中並討論假球莖養分蓄積與開花的關係。

The growth of flower bud and new plantlet, the maturation of pseudobulb and quality of flowering and inflorescence were studied in Oncidium'Gower Ramsey'in day/night temperature 30/25°C, 25/20°C, 20/15 0c and !5/13°C of phytotron and Venlo glasshouse (controlled). There were, high day/night temperature made the pseudobulb thin and long but lower temperature (13-20°C) made it short and fat. In lower temperature the growth of pseudobulb was slowly, the flowering was delayed but the longevity and floret numbers of inflorescence were increased. In all temperature treatments plants emerged flower stalks smoothly at present age plantlets expect plants in 30/25°C emerged flower stalks at next generation shoot. While the 10-15cm flower stalks developed in 30/25°C, 20/25°C, and 20/15°C, inflorescence quality in 20/15°C were better than 30/25°C and 25/20°C. Inflorescence treated with different day/night temperature, the length and branches number were above 110cm and 6 in 15-30°C, while the most floret numbers was in 20/15°C. It demonstrates lower day/night temperature to advantage inflorescence development and increase branch and floret numbers. The discussion ofthis composition was to touch up the relationship between flowering and nutrition sink of pseudo bulb.