醫院景觀環境差異對病人生心理反應之研究－－以消化性潰瘍與膽（輸尿管）結石病患住院期間為例

A Study on the Influences of Hospital Landscape on the Patients' Physical/Psychological Reaction--For Example as the Hospital of Peptic Ulcer and Renal Stone Patients

景觀長期以應用認知模式、生、心理的模式、園藝治療的理論去測試景觀環境差異、景觀體驗差異以及疾病種類差異間，對住院病患生心理反應的影響。本研究以台中市中國醫藥學院以及中山附設醫院為基地，針對腎結石及消化性潰瘍的住院病患為調查對象，由住院病患住院第一天開始做三天份追蹤式問卷調查，研究結果發現：1當醫院景觀環境綠覆率越高時，心理部份的景觀體驗收獲與醫院滿意度越高，生理部份的疼痛改善狀況也越大。2住院病患的心理反應部份與病情種類之間，並無顯著關係。顯示心因性疾病與非心因疾病間之心理反應，並不會有顯著差異。生理部份唯一顯著的為消化性潰瘍的住院病患，受疼痛影響情緒的改善狀況，明顯高於腎結石的住院病患。3在景觀體驗類型的「單純觀看窗景者」、「觀看窗景及前往公園體驗者」、「只前往公園未觀賞窗景者」以及「公園體驗者」四類型中，純粹的公園體驗者心理部份的景觀滿意度、景觀體驗收獲最高，生理部份的疼痛改善程度也最高。而景觀知覺類型中，當住院病患對景觀環境知覺較正向時，心理反應的景觀滿意度及醫院滿意度均較高。住院病患停留景觀環境時間較長，心理方面的各項反應均明顯提昇。在景觀活動類型中，動態活動從事者，對景觀方面的心理反應似乎較顯著。由此可知在幫助病人恢復健康的目標之下，醫院的景觀環境對的住院病患的心理以及生理方面，都具有正面的健康效益。本研究結果希望提供醫院環境規劃者、醫院景觀設計者以及經營管理單位對景觀環境的重視，並提供醫護人員｀心理學家等醫療專家學者利用景觀或圍藝治療獲得助盆。

Does landscape really benefit our health? For a long time, garden and landscape were realized to be a good factor for human health, however, we do not have the proof for this benefit. Literature was emphasized on the psychological aspects to discuss user's response in the landscape. However, we still do not have enough knowledge about the critical, easy-to-evaluate factor for user's physical response. Therefore, this study tried to apply the Psychophical Paradigm and the Hortitherapy Theories to test the relationship among the landscape environment, the landscape experience difference, diseases type and the patients'physical, and psychological responses. The purposes of this research are as follows: I.To study how the hospital landscape influences patients'physical and psychological responses. The landscape difference was arranged as the greenery difference and the hospital window scenic items. 2.To know the physical and psychological responses of patients'of different diseases 3.To explore the relationships among the patient'landscape experience, landscape perception, activity types, visit frequencies, staying time, and the psychological responses of patients On site data collection were performed in the China Medical College Hospital and Chung Shan Medical and Dental College Hospital. Renal Stone and Peptic Ulcer patients were studied, with a questionnaire tested .from the patients first arrive day in the hospital to the third day . Analysis reveals the following findings: I.The more greenery of the hospital environment, the more the internal landscape experience and satisfaction being perceived, and the more physical ache being resolved. 2.The relations between patients'psychological responses and diseases types were not significance. The only significance is that the Peptic Ulcer patients'ache degree being better is more than that of Renal Stone patients. 3.About the landscape experience, the psychology responses include landscape-experienced outcome and landscape satisfaction and physical ache degree of the patients going to park will improve the most. The more positive perception of the hospital outdoor landscape, the more the landscape and hospital satisfaction being perceive. The patients staying in the outdoor landscape environment, the more psychological responses The result of this research would assist the landscape planners, designers, and hospital managers to improve the hospital landscape environment. Furthermore, it also supports the medical expert, psychologist using the Hortitherapy method to get the benefit .