臺肥複合肥料對香蕉生育、產量和後熟品質之影響

Response of Growth, Yield and Postharvest Qualities of Taiwan Banana to Tai-Fei Compound Fertilizers

本試驗之目的在探討不同含鉀量之台肥複合肥料（以下簡稱複肥）與其組合施用，對GCTCV-217品系蕉株生育、產量和後熟品質之影響，以作為蕉園肥料選用之參考。對組織培養苗蕉株而言，施用含鉀量較高之四號複肥，可增加提早採收之蕉量，對其宿根苗蕉株而言，則以含氮量較高之一號及五號複肥為佳。由礦物營養成份分析結果顯示，處理間蕉株葉片之氮含量，不受施用不同複肥所影響，惟鉀含量卻有顯著的差異。施用高氮的台肥一號或五號複肥，可導致蕉株在生育和品質上的若干缺點如加速老葉黃化與捲曲，較差的營養生長與生產潛能，可能較高的兩段著色發生率，較低的蕉果質量及較短的櫥架壽命。在一般蕉園的肥培管理上，應遵循高鉀的供應原則，而以全期施用四號複肥（11-5.5-22）最理想，每年每株施用量不超過1.5公斤即可。幼苗期施用一號或五號複肥，至花芽分化階段改施四號複肥，仍可確保香蕉產量和品質。對於嚴重缺鉀的蕉園，應以土壤和植體分析結果作為參考依據，追施適量氯化鉀，以求補充。

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of the Tai-Fei compound fertilizers on the growth, yield and post-harvest qualities of GCTCV-2 l 7(Cavendish, AAA), a Fusarium wilt-highly resistant banana clone, and to propose an adequate selection of a compound fertilizer for banana fertilization. In the plant cropping, the application of Tai-Fei compound fertilizer No.4 with 22% of potassium resulted in an earlier fruit production; however, the same was true in the ratoon cropping with Tai-Fei compound fertilizers No. I and 5, which have a higher nitrogen content but a lower potassium content than the Tai-Fei compound fertilizer No.4. The use of various compound fertilizers did not make a significant difference in the nitrogen content of banana leaves, but a significantly higher potassium content was found in either the treatment of single Tai-Fei compound fertilizer No.4 or the treatments of double compound fertilizers including Tai-Fei compound fertilizer No.4. Fertilization management of banana plantation using Tai-Fei compound fertilizers No. I or 5 had the tendency leading to the following physiologically adverse effects, i.e., a faster yellowing and curling of older leaves(potassium deficiency symptom); an inferior vegetative growth and yield potential; a higher frequency of uneven degreening in banana peel; a lower banana mass; and a shorter shelf life of ripened bananas. Thereafter, in a general banana plantation, it is advisory to place an emphasis on the application of compound fertilizers with a higher grade of potassium for the fertilization management, and Tai-Fei compound fertilizer No. 4 is of a preferable option, the annual rate no more than 1.5 Kg per plant is recommended. Alternatively, an acceptable yield and fruit quality could also be obtained if banana plants are first fertilized with Tai-Fei compound fertilizer No. 1 or 5, and then switched to Tai-Fei compound fertilizer No. 4 during the stage of floral bud differentiation. For soils low in potassium, a suitable amount of potassium chloride based upon soil and leaf analysis should be applied as a dresser fertilizer .