航太零件難削材之智慧製造技術

Techniques of Intelligent Manufacturing for Difficult-to-cut Material Applied in Components of Aerospace Industry

航空產業向來具備嚴格品質系統認證及高複雜之整合技術，世界各國均以航空產業作為國家產業技術能力指標。依航空器零件組成成本而言，發動機約佔其中27%，僅低於機身的38%。波音757的發動機以鈦合金（titanium）38%與鎳基合金（nickel）37%為主要材料製成。如無這些材料，噴射引擎將無法操作在所需要的條件。然而，鈦合金、鎳基合金等材料，在高溫時有良好的機械性質，使得該材料在切削加工時，切削力大，散熱速度慢、導致高的刀具溫度、以及材料加工硬化，因而難以有效率的進行切削加工，特別是在具有複雜扭轉曲面且薄板特徵的超合金葉輪，其技術難度更深，因此相關航太業者對其切削製程技術有迫切的需求。基於此，本文以難削材製程技術為主軸，介紹傳統切削加工與非傳統加工之發展，並探討智慧製造技術於航太產業之應用。

Titanium alloys and nickel-base super alloys are widely in the manufacture of components for aircraft turbine engines because of their ability to retain high strength at elevated temperatures. Because of its high strength, poor thermal diffusion and work hardening, the cutting of these alloys results in the life of tools and efficiency of works for the worse. So the encountered great difficulties in machining difficult-to-cut materials must be solved. To development and application of key technologies be quickly, and create new cutting technology, so as to meet the demand of aerospace industry. The paper will use the development and manufacture of aerospace components with difficult-to-cut material as examples to introduce five-axis machining, hybrid process, rotary ultrasonic-assisted machining process, and on-line measurement basic technique. The research and development of the intelligent manufacturing technologies for aerospace industry also be discussion.