NGSS和12年國民基本教育中探究、實作和建模的比較與分析

Comparison and Analysis of Inquiry, Practice, and Modeling in the NGSS and Taiwan's 12-year Basic Education Curricula

近年來世界各國在進行教育改革時，皆希望能加強下一代的競爭力，而臺灣也在2018公布的十二年國民基本教育課程綱要中，最令人注目的就是其強調核心素養的教學。而美國的科學教育也在近幾年發布他們的新課綱──「新世代科學標準」，其中的內容強調核心觀念、概念的整合與應用以及實踐。本文比較我國基於新課綱所制定的自然領域課程綱要與美國的「新世代科學標準」，試著了解兩個國家中所注重的能力是否有異同之處。在相互比照之下，我們發現兩國的課綱中對於學科教學的方法、探究與實作所強調的能力以及對於建模的訓練都有些許的不同，而其中美國在學生建模歷程與建模能力的訓練比我國更加紮實。然而在這兩個不同的課綱當中，我們認為更應強調建模式的探究能力訓練，以期學生在這樣的過程之中培養更具系統性且全面性的問題解決能力。

In recent years, many counties have put efforts on improving students' competitiveness and scientific literacy via reforming their curriculum standards for science education. Taiwan is not an exception. Ministry of Education released the new 12-year Basic Education Curricula in 2018 in which the major emphasis was to elicit core competencies of learning. United Sates of America also proposed three pillars for the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) in which it emphasized disciplinary core ideas, science and engineering practice, and crosscutting concepts in science fields. In this article, we compare the similarities and differences between the new Taiwan's curricula standards and the NGSS on science curriculum. The results showed that there were slightly differences on teaching methods, contents of inquiry and practice, and model construction. However, NGSS seems to require their students to develop more competence on understanding models and modeling processes than Taiwan. We advocate experiencing Models-Based and Modeling-Based Inquiry could allow students to develop better systematic problem-solving ability.