殖民地住宅的現代轉型：以二次戰前滿州日本人住宅的形成及其住宅競圖案為分析中心

The Modern Transformation of Colonial Residence: Focusing on the Formation of Manchurian Japanese Residence and Housing Design Competition Prior to World War II

滿洲殖民地住宅的起源，最早可追溯到俄國人的東清鐵道住宅。然而隨著1904年日俄戰爭的影響，滿洲的住宅發展開始走向現代化的道路。20世紀初期，這種伴隨日本殖民統治而來的特殊住宅型態，可以說是滿洲住宅現代化的初步轉型。它的出現為三個歷史因素所促成，包括1920年代國際現代主義建築思潮、日本大正生活改善與住宅改良運動，以及滿洲寒地氣候的建築適應等，使得在滿日本人建築家開始思索日本人住宅的現代化課題。本文透過當時滿洲建築協會的視角，並以一個日系適應性住宅設計競圖案的分析，說明這種殖民地住宅現代轉型的特點及其歷史意義。

The earliest origin of the Manchurian colonial residence can be traced back to the Manchurian Railway residences of Russia. However, the Manchurian residential developments began to modernize under the impacts of the Russo-Japanese War in 1904. During the early 20th century, this special house types that came along with the Japanese colonial occupation can be regarded as the initial transformation of the modernization of Manchurian houses. Meanwhile, there were three historical factors contributed to this appearance: the architecture modern movement in the 1920s, the Taishō residential improvement movement, and the architectural adaptation to the cold climate in Manchuria. These factors enabled Japanese architects of Manchuria to begin contemplating the modernization of Japanese residences. In this paper, the authors analyzed the Manchuria Architectural Association and its competition of residential adaptation for Japanese in Manchuria to explain the transformation of the colonial modern houses and its significances.