消失的「理想住宅」方案

Disappeared 'Ideal House' Project in Post War Taiwan

本文試圖通過一段從未被建築史論述提及的戰後住宅治理事件，作為對於「建築現代性」歷史構成的另類觀察。1954年在美援經費的協助下，中央政府以台北市為基地，展開一項都市住宅興建計劃，今天看來，我認為它可以被稱作是一項「理想住宅」方案。這個觀察立基於兩條線索，一是當時公共衛生論述為因應都市惡劣的環境衛生問題，嘗試為建築給排水方式、構造、開窗、廁所設備等面向，做出符合現代意涵的衛生定義，並成為當時「理想家庭」論述中關於「理想住宅」最適標準的話語框架。正是通過「衛生現代性」及「理想家庭」這兩條話語線索，這項戰後首次的住宅治理行動及其住宅圖像，得以成為戰後「建築現代性」的具體例證。然而，這項充份承載著這個社會初嚐邁向現代生活印記的「理想住宅」方案，卻由於主流建築論述長期以西方現代主義建築為典範的論述框限，讓這段歷史完全無法出現在當前以重建「建築現代性」為核心的建築史學論述範疇內。本文對這一段住宅實踐的現代性重讀，便是要指出當前建築現代性歷史重構論述的認識侷限，進而為一條強調建築作為社會文化形式的日常空間史學方向尋找研究進路。

Through exploring a historical event of residential governance which had never been discussed among our academic discourses on modern architecture, this paper aims at reconsidering what ”modernity” means in architecture field. At the late of 1954, central government of KMT arranged a model house program to invite people be willing to build for their own. This model house program was affected by the discourse of modern hygienic on one side and of ideal home on the other. Both mingled to depict a house with well landscaping yard, appropriate scale between the site and the building, good water supply and sewage systems, economic and safe constructions, enough openings for good ventilation and natural light, and a set of modern facilities in bathroom and kitchen, etc. These all demonstrate a new value and new attitude toward a modern life were going to sprawl ever since then. And this would be viewed as the first model of ”Ideal House” in Taiwan. It would be a good example to know how people were affect by these modern arrangement. Nevertheless, the western-oriented mood within modern architectural discourses let this ”Ideal House” outside their vision no matter how this project showed exactly what modernity means to everyday life. Standing on the feminist point of view, this paper argues that this ”unseeing” would not dissolve unless modern architectural discourses come to re-evaluate the myth of western reason.