日治時期台灣近代建築外牆磁磚形式與色彩變遷之研究

A Study on the Evolvement in Tile Configuration and Coloration of Taiwanese Modern Building Façade during the Japanese Occupation Era

於台灣50年之日治期間，從近代建築的外牆即可發現色彩變化明顯受到潮流影響，而其中絕大多數是由磁磚色彩構成潮流之主角，故由台灣近代建築之外牆色彩，大致就可了解其興建或改建之年代。日本與台灣近代磁磚變遷上之重大轉捩點即為日本關東大地震（大正12年：1923），當時許多紅磚建築倒塌，震災過後，除重建外，新建建築多從紅磚造轉變成耐震性較優的R.C.構造，此外，同時期外覆「赤小口磁磚」之R.C.建築因外觀類似紅磚造，其也與紅磚造建築同時消蹤匿跡。而後，在災後復興之新建建築中，外部裝飾開始出現「濕式無釉磁磚」及「粗面磁磚」，其中以「Scratch磁磚」及有溝紋的「筋面磁磚」最具代表性，這類磁磚具陰影效果及樸素溫馨的感覺，因而廣受愛用，另因「Scratch磁磚」多數是黃、褐色系統，給予民眾新時代的感覺，故黃、褐色系磁磚與當時出現的各種形式磁磚，就成為該時期裝飾近代建築外觀之主流。日治時期末期之台灣近代建築上，較常看到黃綠‧青綠色或青灰‧灰綠色系磁磚，在台灣稱為「國防色磁磚」，其經相關檢視後雖仍無法斷定是否真具國防意涵，但這類色彩為當時建築最新流行色之可能性相當高。由上述磁磚色彩潮流之演變過程，即可發現其大致隨著年代演進，劃分為紅色系、黃褐系、黃綠（青灰、灰綠）色系等三階段，對當時建築外牆之磁磚色彩演變有相當大之影響。此外，日治時期台灣近代建築的磁磚形式及色彩，跟日本國內潮流有相當密切的關連性。

During the 50-year Japanese Occupation Era, from the façade of the modern architecture we have discovered that the changes of tiles colors have obvious influence to the trend, and mostly have the tiles colors as the key role of the trend. When we see the façade colors of the modern architecture in Taiwan, then we can more or less tell about the construction or reconstruction time.The major turning point in the tile industries in Japan and Taiwan has been originated from the Kanto earthquake occurred in 1923, when a large number of the red brick buildings were toppled by the quake. After the disaster, besides of the reconstruction, using the anti-seismic reinforced concrete structure instead of the red bricks started to be the mainstream in many new buildings. Meanwhile, the Aka Koguchi tiles (red tiles with the same size as the smallest surface of the red bricks) on the outer R.C. wall built at the same time as the red bricks have disappeared together with the red brick buildings.Thereafter, the new buildings after the recovery from the disaster, the plastic non-glazed tiles and rustic tiles began to appear on the buildings façades, where the most representative ones were the scratch tiles and rib tiles. This type of tiles provides shadow effect and gives a simple but pleasant feeling, which has been well accepted by all kinds of architectures. During that age, for most Japanese public the red color similar to the red bricks showed old fashion, the ”scratch tiles” were mostly yellow- brownish, which showed a feeling of new era. Thereafter, the yellow-brownish tiles as well as tiles of other models became the mainstream to decorate the façades of modern architecture.In the Taiwanese modern architecture at the end of the Japanese Occupation era, the most common tiles were the yellow-green, blue-green or blue-gray, gray-green tiles, which were called as ”tiles with the (khaki) color of defense camouflage”, after studying related documentations, we would not determine whether this kind of tiles had any meaning of defense camouflage, but this color was highly possible the most fashionable color for the buildings in that age.Concluding from the study above, we can see the color trend evolved with time in three stages, from reddish, yellow-brownish, to yellow-greenish respectively, and this evolvement highly influenced the change in tile coloration of building façade at that time. Furthermore, the colors trend of the Taiwanese modern architecture during the Japanese Occupation Era is very closely related to the trend in Japan, the new model tiles were used simultaneously or just one year difference in two places.