從「台北生態城市規劃」到「第三生態」命題及其設計方法

From Ecocity Taipei to the Third Ecology Proposition and Its Design Approaches

本文從1999年的「台北市生態城市規劃」案例出發並延續其爭論，介紹生態城市論的一個命題「第三生態」及其設計方法。當代城市的永續論述應走出城市與自然的二元對立，以形式與流動的關係來鍵結城市、自然與產業系統並創造共生關係。本文以台北、高雄、台南、廣州、廈門、南京與新加坡的城市設計分析案例來詮釋生態城市論的設計方法架構：包含了形式、物質、流動、尺度及時間等五種維度，涉及了空間形式的感覺經驗、城市紋理及地景結構的物質表層、生態流動及其環境效應、跨尺度系統複雜性、及時間變遷管理與永續進程等五方面的空間組織原則。

The paper first introduces the Taipei Eco-City Master Plan project in 1999, and continues the debates to link to a proposition of ecological urbanism, the third ecology and its applications to design. The contemporary discourse of urban sustainability has to move away from city and nature dualism to a symbiotic relationship by linking the forms and flows of urban, natural and industrial systems. Through a series of cases studies in design competitions and analyses in Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Guangzhou, Xiamen, Nanjing and Singapore, the paper comes with five design dimensions in ecological urbanism: form, materiality, flow, scale and time. The five design dimensions are organizational principles of urban spaces, which deal with urban form and its sensuous quality, surface and material of urban texture and landscape structure, ecological flows and its environmental performance, scales and system complexity, and finally temporal dimension, system threshold and sustainable progress.