都市社會運動的顯性文化轉向？1990年代迄今的台北經驗

The Manifest Cultural Turn for Urban Social Movements? Taipei Experience, 1990s-2000s

本文嘗試討論都市文化治理和都市社會運動的顯性文化轉向的關聯。首先，在提出一個三向度的文化分析架構後，本文試圖描繪1990年代以降台北都市社會運動的整體面貌，根據其採用隱含或明顯的文化訴求和策略，或者說文化發揮的是隱性或顯性的作用，來加以分類而顯示出這種顯性文化轉向的存在。其次，本文討論都市社會運動與市民抗爭之顯性文化轉向的機制，以文化接軌的概念，將其連結上1990年代後期台北市都市政權性質轉變下，文化治理方式的變化和擴張，以及在更大尺度上，這與文化經濟發展、全球化下城市的新經濟角色及「文化調節模式」的關係。最後，文化治理是城市文化政治和公共資源分配的重要場域，是當代文化抵抗必須介入的場域，據此，本文略為討論以文化做為都市社會運動的策略及目標，開啟了什麼可能，又有何侷限，尤其關注接軌於文化治理的文化抵抗，如何面對運動論述蘊含的中產階級價值階級界分，以及專業者的文化代理等問題。

Towards the end of 1980s, along with the out splash of social force, urban social movements and citizen struggles started to show their strength. Struggling for the supply of collective consumption and its quality, fighting against the risk from NIMBY facilities, resisting the dismantle of illegitimate housing, striving for heritage preservation, and claiming for the living and working rights for certain minority groups, all these add up to the Taipei citizen's rich struggle experiences and formed quite some groups and organizations devoted in active movements. All these movements have their cultural dimensions, involving the identification as subjects of civil rights, and the frames of interpretation for understanding one's situation and problems. It is also entangled with all kinds of social mobilization strategies and ceremonies for solidarity in the organizing processes. However, in late 1990s, along with the transformation of the social basis of urban regime, the soaring international competition between cities, and the construction of new Taiwaness nationalism consciousness, ”culture” became an important urban governance field. Facing this new stage of urban development, many citizen struggles and social movements also get involved in the cultural governance and actively utilize culture as strategies, tactics or aims for their movements. In other words, compare to the citizen struggles in the past, movements under cultural governance have much clearer and prominent cultural claims in their means and goals. The aim of this study is to ravel out the mechanism of this ”manifest cultural turn” in social movements, and evaluate the limitations and possibilities of these cultural strategies.