英國脫離歐盟之談判模式與相關法律議題研析

Analyzing “Brexit” Negotiations and Certain Legal Issues

歐盟史上首次啟動會員國脫離歐盟之談判程序。此事件對於：1.歐盟條約第50條脫離條款之解釋運用、2.雙方政府對於分手事務與未來關係重建之談判程序與立法方式、以及3.雙方公民與企業界最關切之未來經貿法規變動的幅度，與法律不確定性之妥善處理，均係國際法與經貿法學界難得的研究題材。本文探討脫歐談判之法律基礎與雙方的談判模式，研析脫歐談判可能造成之法律變動、銜接與重建的結果，與方法。歐盟條約規定除非雙方同意延長談判期程，否則法定2年的談判期限將於2019年3月底到期，目前談判前景不明，雙方如何提案解決法制的變動，降低法律不確定性，本文提出一些觀察與建議。

The Member State--United Kingdom(UK or Britain)--leaving European Union (EU), also called “Brexit”, triggers the first withdrawal procedure in the history of Article 50 of Treaty on EU (Art.50 TEU). This paper analyzes three dimensions of legal issues of Brexit. First, Art.50 TEU that guides Brexitnegotiations prefers the EU position of “divorce first, rebuild (bilateral future) later” and downplays Britain’s simultaneous agenda. In the author’s view, this worsens legal uncertainty for the post-exit bilateral relation.Second, in response to UK’s weak position under Art.50 TEU, Britain’s domestic review of any outcome of negotiations has been upgraded and strengthened. Whether this constitutional development of treaty review promotes a stable Brexit process remains to be seen. Third,to tackle the Brexit legal uncertainty that is troubling citizens and business on both sides, the author pays attention to the role of European Court of Justice in matters arising from the transition period, and to the design of fair application of the evolving EU law (the acquis) in the post-exit phrase. The author suggests that both sides maintain flexibility and mutual trust in allocating power and rights regarding the participation, application and interpretation of the EU law.