清初西泠派詩學論析──以柴紹炳、毛先舒論詩書為開展

The Analysis of the Poetics of the Xi-Ling School in the Early Qing Dynasty: Unfolds with Chai Shao-Bing's and Mao Xian-Shu's Letters on Poetics

清初「西泠派」為繼承晚明「雲間派」而興起的詩歌派別，其派由「西泠十子」組成，十子中又以詩名最盛的陸圻居首，但就詩歌理論而言，則以柴紹炳和毛先舒的論述最具代表性。西泠十子因出陳子龍門下，故詩學立場偏向於前、後七子的復古一路，然從雲間派到西泠派，復古詩學也在明清易代之際產生了實質的變化，值得我們予以探究。順治7年，柴紹炳和毛先舒合力選評《西陵十子詩選》，正式確立了西泠一派的詩歌風貌，但柴、毛二子的詩學見解卻頗有異同，彼此曾反覆寄書論辯，進而豐富了西泠派的詩學內涵。本文將以柴紹炳、毛先舒的論詩書作為討論起點，剖析二人對於「雅」、「豔」交涉之詩學議題的不同思考方式，藉以闡明西泠派詩歌理論的時代特色，以及柴、毛二子人格志趣之分殊。

Inheriting the Yun-Jian School of the late Ming Dynasty, the Xi-Ling School in the early Qing Dynasty arose as one of the poetic schools and consisted of Xi-Ling Ten Poets, headed by the most famous poet Lu-Qi, but best represented by Chai Shao-Bing and Mao Xian-Shu in terms of the poetic theory. As disciples of Chen Zi-Long, Xi-Ling Ten Poets, hence, favored the Former and Latter Seven Poets' classical stances, but while evolving from Yun-Jian school to Xi-Ling school, the classical poetics experienced substantial changes, which are worth our study, in the late Ming and the early Qing Dynasty. In the Seventh Year of the Shun-Zhi Reign, Chai Shao-Bing and Mao Xian-Shu worked together and compiled The Selection of Xi-Ling Ten Poets, which later formally and clearly set up the poetic style of the Xi-Ling school. However, there still existed some sharp differences between Chai Shao-Bing's and Mao Xian-Shu's viewpoints despite what they possessed in common. Their continual debates through letters further enriched the poetic content of the Xi-Ling school. Based on Chai Shao-Bing's and Mao Xian-Shu's letters on poetics, the essay is to analyze their various thinking styles about the poetic topics involved in ＂Ya＂ and ＂Yan＂ to explicate the time feature of the Xi-Ling School's poetic theory and the differences between their characters and orientations respectively.