清代「論詞絕句」論晏殊詞探析

The Study and Analysis of the ＂Ci Poem Evaluation with Poems＂ in the Qing Dynasty upon Yen Shu's Ci Poems

論詞絕句為清代詞論之重要載體，而晏殊乃北宋前期詞壇大家。本文蒐羅八首清代論及晏殊其人其詞之論詞絕句，剖析闡明其中論點。綜觀清代論詞絕句有關晏殊之評論，約有如下數端：（一）剛方宰輔，多情詞篇：王僧保稱晏殊性格剛方而詞篇多情，譚瑩亦謂晏殊多「婦人語」，程恩澤則賞晏殊仕宦顯達、才調卓絕且靈心善感；（二）紹述《陽春》，啟導後進：江昱謂晏殊祖述南唐，啟導晏幾道、歐陽脩、范仲淹，譚瑩則稱晏殊多作婦人語，以此近似馮延巳；（三）清華逸韻，詞家正宗：沈初稱晏殊詞清新華美，沈道寬亦謂晏殊詞清新脫俗、饒富逸韻，華長卿、譚瑩則喜晏殊詞具清新閒雅之富貴氣象，而朱依真盛讚王士禛以晏殊雋句為詞體本色之說。

＂Ci Poem Evaluation with Poems＂ was an important carrier of comment on ci poems in the Qing Dynasty. Yen Shu was a master in early stage of Northern Song period. In the study, we gather eight ＂Ci Poem Evaluation with Poems＂ in the Qing Dynasty upon Yen Shu, and deeply analyze them. The points in terms of Yen Shu can be inducted into following: (1) Like a sturdy chancellor and romantic ci poems: Wang Tseng-Po pointed that the characteristic of Yen Shu was sturdy and he had romantic ci poems. Tang Yin claimed that Yen Shu's ci poems were full of ＂women language.＂ Cheng En-Tse thought that he had good career in government and was talent as well as thoughtful. (2) In succession to Young-Tsung volume, descendant can be guided: Jiang Yu claimed that the ci poems of Yen Shu not only inherited the style of Southern Tang, but also inspired Yan Ji-Dao, Ou-Yang Hsiou and Fan Jhong-Yan. Moreover, Tang Yin thought that his ci poems were full of women language, thus was similar to Fong Yen-Si. (3) Beautiful rhyme and orthodox ci poems: Shen Chu indicated that the ci poems of Yen Shu were gorgeous. Moreover, Shen Dao-Kuan claimed that the ci poems of Yen Shu were brisk and pure. Hua Chang-Ching and Tang Yin praised the ci poems of Yen Shu were pure and fresh and full of prosperity. Chu Yi-Chen fully praised that the statement of Wang Shih-Chen on Yen Shu's ci poems as the orthodoxy.