「一代賢奸托布衣」──萬斯同之明史修撰與浙東史學的聯繫

Connection of Composition and Revision on the History of Ming Dynasty by Wan Sih-tong and Historical Study of East Zhejiang - ＂A Generation of Sagacious and Treacherous Clothed in Commoner＂

浙東學術在清代釐然自成體系，尤長於史學，史家前後接踵，在正史纂修如《明史》，學術史撰著如《明儒學案》、《宋元學案》，南明書寫如《南雷文定》、《行朝錄》、《明季兩浙忠義考》、《思復堂集》、《鮚埼亭集》，史論如《文史通義》等方面，皆有重要貢獻。尤其難得的，是浙東史家以史撰精神自立於當時籠罩學界的博古通經、考據時風之外。故本文以與修《明史》有功的萬斯同做為研究對象，先論明季浙東地區抗清事蹟對陶鑄浙東史學精神之影響，再及於萬斯同修撰《明史稿》之史識、史裁、史法等，以及他對浙東史學所特別看重的「以詩補史」之「詩史」形式借重。既綜觀萬氏之整體史學，復強調他與浙東學術的密切聯繫。

The academic study of East Zhejiang has naturally formed into its system, and it is especially good at historical study as we can find historical experts rising in succession. For composition of formal historical work, there is the ＂Ming History,＂ with other historical studies such as ＂Scholastic Case of Ming Intellectual,＂ ＂Scholastic Cases of Song and Yuan＂; besides, there are works of Southern Ming Writings as ＂Anthology of Nan-lei,＂ ＂Record of Deed in Court,＂ ＂Fidelity Study Two Zhejiang Area at End of Ming Dynasty,＂ ＂Anthology of Si-Fu-Tong＂ and ＂Anthology of Jie-Qi-Ting＂ and there is also historical discourse as ＂General Study of Literature and History, ＂ with much contribution made to the times. Most of all, historians of East Zhejiang have based spirit of historical composition and stood themselves out from the popular trend of textology and acquaintance with the ancient and modern that has well clouded the academic world. Hence, this study has resorted to the Wan Sih-tong as the research subject who is found to enjoy much credit in revising ＂Ming History.＂ This work would first discuss the impact of anti-Manchu insurrection at East Zhejiang area at the end of Ming Dynasty upon the historical spirit of East Zhejiang of Tao-chu, and it would then discourse on the historical knowledge, historical judgment, and historical method of Wan Sih-tong as he revised and composed ＂Manuscript of Ming History.＂ In addition, he would elaborate his focus on the manner of ＂Epic History＂ for he had paid particular attention to ＂Epic Supplementing History＂ in East Zhejiang historical study. As a summary of the holistic historical study of Wan Sih-tong, it would emphasize his close connection to the academics of East Zhejiang area.