方以智與明代復古詩學的承變關係考論

The Exploration into the Undertaking and Transformational Relationship Between Fang Yi-Zhi and the Classical Poetics in the Ming Dynasty

清初思想家方以智在晚明時期是以復古派詩人的身分馳名於文壇，即使入清後，方以智的詩學思想已然轉變，其文人形象也由詩人蛻變為哲人，然觀方以智晚年的詩學論述，仍與早期的格調詩說保持著若干連繫。有鑒於此，本文將針對方以智與明代復古詩學的承變關係進行考論：文章先從王世貞、阮自華、白瑜、方以智的詩學傳承論起，以表明方以智復古思想的淵源；其次則依方以智〈詩堂〉的自述，將其詩學歷程劃分為三個階段，分別論析此三階段的詩論重心，以及方以智對於復古詩學從「追求」到「轉向」進而「超越」的態度變化。這樣的研究，或有助於我們從另一個特殊的視角來認識方以智的思想進展以及明代復古詩學的特質。

Fang Yi-Zhi, a thinker in the early Qing Dynasty, had won his reputation in the literarycircle as a classical poet in the late Ming Dynasty. While Fang Yi-Zhi's poetic thoughts changed in the Qing Dynasty with his literary image evolving from a poet into a philosopher, his late poetic arguments still has a certain kind of bearing with his early Ge Diao assertions. Hence, the essay is about to explore the undertaking and transformational relationship between Fang Yi-Zhi and the classical poetics in the Ming Dynasty, starting with the poetic convention descending from Wang Shi-Zhi, Ruan Zi-Hua, Bai-Yu to Fang Yi-Zhi to clarify the source from which Fang derived his classical thoughts. Then, as mentioned in one of Fang's works, Shi-Tang, he divided the transformation of his poetic thoughts into three stages. We will analyze the main focus of his poetic theory in these three stages respectively and his shift of attitude from pursuit, transformation and then to transcendence towards classical poetics. A study like this may probably help us to understand the development of Fang's thoughts and the characteristics of the classical poetics in the Ming Dynasty from a special perspective.